摘 要

在我国经济的高速发展过程中，城市社会化进程也日益加剧。发达城市路面交通状况呈现紧张状态，可以利用的空间环境条件日益减少，地面交通的拥挤和效率低下给各大城市经济发展带来了巨大阻碍。为了缓解地面交通的压力，人们开始寻找新的交通模式，逐渐认识到并且开始发展各种地下交通工程。1995 年日本阪神大地震造成当地许多地铁车站破坏及地铁区间轨道断裂以至于整个城市的地下交通发生瘫痪，此次地震事故让人们对之前认为地下结构往往具有良好的抗震性能这一观点产生了严重的怀疑。2008年汶川大地震、1999年台湾大地震，都对地下铁道结构产生了严重的破坏。近似的近时期已发生过的强烈地震震害均有以下表现：地震作用会使得地下空间结构发生严重的破坏。城市的经济建设和社会发展又离不开良好的地下交通环境，但是地下交通工程往往会在强烈地震下发生较为严重的破坏，对于目前来讲想要完整地修复这些工程又十分困难，最终带来的经济损失无法估计。所以，加强研究地下铁道等浅埋隧道的抗震性能及地下结构减隔震措施提出的建议十分必要。本文将研究地下交通工程中地下铁道的抗震性能，并且对城市地铁车站中使用的减隔震措施进行分析和研究。

本文考虑了柔性和刚性方案的减隔震效果，柔性方案使用EPS材料（Expanded Polystyrene简称EPS，聚苯乙烯泡沫）隔震；刚性方案使用混凝土地下连续墙隔震，为对比分析两种方案的减隔震效果。本文建立了三种有限元模型，即土体-车站标准结构模型、土体-EPS材料-车站隔震模型、土体-混凝土地下连续墙-车站隔震模型，然后计算各模型在不同幅值的EL-Centro波和Kobe波（0.1gEL-Centro波、0.5gEL-Centro波及0.1gKobe波、0.5gKobe波）下的地震响应，并根据计算结果对比分析各工况的加速度和相对位移响应变化规律，探讨地下结构减隔震措施隔震效果。结果表明：（1）使用EPS材料隔震的柔性方案和考虑混凝土地下连续墙隔震的刚性方案均有明显的隔震效果；（2）地震波类型和幅值对柔性方案的隔震效果无明显影响，对刚性方案的隔震效果略有影响但不显著；（3）EPS材料动剪切模量对柔性方案的隔震效果无明显影响；（4）地下连续墙的长度对刚性方案的隔震效果影响显著，具体影响为：埋深长度越大，隔震效果越差；（5）地下连续墙材料强度对刚性方案的隔震效果无明显影响。

本文的研究方法和研究成果对进一步探究地下结构的减隔震措施有重要意义。

关键词：地铁车站；减隔震措施；EPS材料；地下连续墙；

Abstract

With China's economic construction and urban social development, urban traffic conditions on the ground and space environment are increasingly worse, ground traffic congestion and low efficiency become the main obstacles in the development of the cities. In order to alleviate the pressure of ground transportation, people begin to look for new transportation mode, get to know and begin to develop various kinds of underground tunnel and underground engineering such as underground railroad. The 1995 Japan Kobe earthquake damaged many local subway stations and orbit fractures so that the whole city underground traffic paralysis was occurred, the earthquake accident maked people suspicious of the earthquake resistance and safety in underground engineering structure when the public considered that underground structures often had good seismic performance. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the 1999 Taiwan earthquake have caused serious damage to the underground railway structure. The Similar earthquake damage experience and modern strong earthquakes show that, earthquakes can cause serious damage to underground structures. Economic construction and social development of the city must have a good underground traffic environment, but the underground traffic engineering tends to be serious damage under the strong earthquake, and very difficult to fully be repaired the project for now, eventually economic loss can't be estimated. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the research on the seismic performance of underground railway and other shallow buried tunnels and put forward some suggestions on the seismic analysis method and seismic mitigation measures of urban shallow buried tunnels. In this paper, the seismic performance of underground railway in underground traffic engineering is studied, and the seismic isolation measures used in urban subway stations are analyzed and studied.

In this paper, the anti-vibration effects of flexible and rigid scheme are considered. The flexible scheme uses Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) for vibration isolation. The rigid scheme uses the concrete underground continuous wall to isolate the vibration, in order to compare and analyze the effect of the two schemes. With three kinds of finite element model established, namely the soil - station standard structure model and the soil - EPS material - station isolation model, and the soil - the plan of rigid concrete underground continuous wall - station isolation model. And then calculating the earthquake response of the model in different amplitude of EL Centro wave and Kobe wave (0.1gEL – Centro wave, 0.5gEL - Centro wave, 0.1gKobe wave, 0.5gKobe wave), according to the calculated results, to contrast and analyse the acceleration and relative displacement response of the change in various working conditions, to discuss the isolation effect of underground structure isolation measures. The results show that, (1) the flexible scheme of using EPS material isolation and the rigid scheme considering concrete underground diaphragm wall have obvious isolation effect; (2) the type and amplitude of input seismic wave has no obvious effect on the isolation effect of the flexible scheme, and it has a small effect on the isolation effect of the rigid scheme but not significant; (3)The dynamic shear modulus of EPS has no significant influence on the vibration isolation effect of flexible scheme; (4) the depth length of underground continuous wall has obvious effect on the isolation effect of the rigid scheme, the specific effect is: the longer the buried depth is, the worse the isolation effect is; (5)The strength of underground continuous wall has no obvious influence on the vibration isolation effect of rigid scheme.

The research methods and results of this paper are of great significance for further study of the underground structure.

Key words: Underground structure; Seismic isolation; EPS materials; Underground continuous wall;

目 录

第1章 绪论 2

1.1引言 2

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1高阻尼混凝土力学特性试验研究现状 2

1.2.2橡胶颗粒土减震性能研究现状 3

1.2.3隧道地下结构减震措施研究 3

1.3研究内容 4

第2章 地铁车站减隔震措施计算模型和计算工况 6

2.1计算模型 6

2.1.1计算范围及网格划分 6

2.1.2材料本构及计算参数 8

2.1.3地震波输入 9

2.1.4边界条件 9

2.1.5阻尼及计算时步 10

2.2监测方案 10

2.3计算工况 10

2.4小结 12

第3章 基于柔性方案的隔震效果分析 13

3.1模态分析 13