摘 要

近年来，随着我国隧道施工技术的飞速发展，并形成了一浅埋暗挖和钻爆两大方法为主要代表的有着中国特色的施工方法，引领着世界隧道施工技术的进步。随着我国在铁路、公路、水利等基础建设中修建隧道（洞）的长度逐渐加长和数量上的急剧增加，且施工中多采用无轨运输施工，如果依靠斜竖井施工将会产生许多问题，而不采用斜竖井条件下的长距离的隧道施工，在通风问题上成为制约快速施工的难题。如何在保证为施工人员提供安全、可靠、舒适的工作环境的同时，降低工程造价越来越受到设计人员的重视。隧道内良好的通风为施工地点提供了新鲜的空气、降低了粉尘和各种有害气体的含量，同时是维持机电设备正常运行的必要条件。施工通风队整个工程的施工方案和施工组织设计起着不容忽视的作用。良好的作业环境是隧道施工的根本保证，也是隧道施工中以人为本理念的重要体现。

该文主要介绍当前隧道施工通风的发展状况，对于隧道掘进施工通风方式系统进行简要的介绍和优化必选，提出适用于大坪隧道这种特长隧道掘进通风系统的最终方案。通过结合实际对施工中通风量进行理论值的计算，根据理论值与实际相结合，选取合适的通风设备，将通风设备合理的安置，最终完成适合于大坪隧道这种特长隧道的掘进施工通风设备的设计。

关键词：特长公路隧道 方案比选 施工通风 通风量 风

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of China's tunnel construction technology, and formed a construction method of a shallow excavation and blasting two method as the main representative of the has Chinese characteristics, leading the construction technology in the world of tunnel. Along with our country to build tunnels in highway, railway, water conservancy and other infrastructure construction (hole) increases gradually extended length and quantity, and the construction in the use of trackless transportation construction, if rely on inclined shaft construction will cause many problems, instead of the inclined shaft under the condition of the long distance tunnel construction, in ventilation problems restricted the rapid construction of the problem. How to ensure the construction personnel to provide safe, reliable, comfortable working environment at the same time, reduce the project cost more and more designers attention. The tunnel ventilation provides fresh air, for the construction site dust content and various harmful gases is reduced, at the same time is the necessary condition to maintain the normal operation of the electrical and mechanical equipment. Construction scheme and construction organization design and construction ventilation team the whole project played a role can not be ignored. Good working environment is the fundamental guarantee for the construction of the tunnel, it is also an important embodiment of people-oriented concept in tunnel construction.

This paper introduces the current development conditions of tunnel construction ventilation is introduced briefly, and optimization required for ventilation system of tunneling construction, the final scheme is proposed for the tunnel excavation Daping tunnel ventilation system. By combining with the reality of the construction ventilation is used to calculate the theoretical value, according to the theory value and practice, selecting proper ventilation, ventilation equipment reasonable settlement, design completed tunneling ventilation equipment suitable for the long tunnel of Daping tunnel.

Key words：Extra-long highway tunnel；Selection of schemes ；Construction ventilation ；Ventilation volume；Fan selection；

目录

第一章 绪论..................................................1

1.1 国内关于超长隧道的研究现状............................1

1.2 工程简介..............................................1

1.3 特长隧道通风设计的目的................................1

第二章 空气中有害物质的容许浓度...............................3

2.1 粉尘浓度..............................................3

2.2 一氧化碳浓度..........................................5

2.3 氮氧化合物浓度........................................5

2.4 其他有害物质..........................................5

2.4.1 丙烯醛.........................................5

2.4.2 二氧化硫.......................................5

2.5 隧道气候条件要求......................................6

2.5.1 温度 ..........................................6

2.5.2 湿度...........................................6

2.5.3 洞内风量要求...................................6

第三章 隧道掘进施工通风方式系统的介绍.........................8

3.1 基本通风方式系统的介绍................................7

3.1.1 送风式.........................................7

3.1.2 排风式.........................................8

3.1.3 混合式........................................9

3.1.4 并用式.........................................10

3.1.5 巷道式.........................................11

3.2 不同隧道的通风方式介绍...............................12

3.2.1 单洞隧道的通风方式.............................12

3.2.2 双洞隧道的通风方式.............................19

第四章 隧道施工需风量的计算..................................23

4.1 风量计算...............................................23

4.1.1 工作人员呼吸所需风量............................23

4.1.2 爆破排烟需风量.................................24

4.1.3 按洞内最小风速计算.............................25

4.1.4 按排出的有毒有害气体计算风量...................25

4.2 管路漏风计算...........................................26

4.2.1 风机设计风量....................................26

4.2.2 风机设计风压....................................26

第五章 通风方式的选定..........................................27

5.1 隧道掘进施工通风方式系统的优化比选.....................27

5.1.1 各种方式的优缺点比较............................27

5.1.2 通风方式选择要点................................28

5.2 适合于大坝山这种特长隧道掘进通风系统方案的最终确定.....29

第六章 隧道施工通风设备与选择.................................30

6.1 通风机.................................................30

6.1.1 通风机的种类....................................30

6.1.2 隧道施工所用的通风机............................31

6.1.3 通风机的性能....................................32

6.2 通风管.................................................34