岩石爆炸模型实验的损伤范围测试毕业论文
2020-04-08 15:04:06
摘 要
我国目前在大兴核电站的建设,核电站的建设过程中往往会采用爆破的方式进行基岩的开挖,而爆破引起的振动应力波会对保留建基面基岩造成一定损伤灾害,从而整体工程的安全。因此,研究不同爆破方式下岩体的损伤范围分布特征及规律具有具有很重要的意义。
文章主要以广东台山核电站的基岩爆破及声波实验为工程背景,通过现场试验与数值模拟相结合,研究了单孔装药量、最大段药量及同时起爆炮孔数对爆破损伤范围的影响,并有以下成果:
(1)在单孔柱状装药条件下,岩体的损伤半径是损伤深度的2倍多,损伤范围随着单孔装药量的增大而增大。
(2)相对于单孔爆破,多孔爆破由于相邻爆孔间应力波会产生叠加,岩体的损伤程度及范围都要更大。
(3)在多孔爆破中,岩体的损伤深度随着最大段药量及同时起爆炮孔数的增大而增大,但当同时起爆的炮孔数增大到一定程度时,由于应力波的叠加不再加强,损伤深度便不再增大。
关键词:爆破;损伤范围;数值模拟
Abstract
At present, China is building nuclear power plant in a big way, blasting is often used to excavate the bedrock during the construction of the nuclear power plant, and the vibration stress waves caused by blasting will cause some damage to the bedrock on the base of the construction, thus the safety of the whole project. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the distribution characteristics and laws of the damage range of rock mass under different blasting methods.
In this paper, based on the foundation rock blasting and sound wave experiment of Guangdong Taishan nuclear power station, the influence of single charge weight, maximum charge weight per delay and the number of blasting holes at the same time on the blasting damage range are studied by means of field test and numerical simulation.
(1) Under the condition of single hole columnar charge, the damage radius of rock mass is more than 2 times of the damage depth, and the damage scope increases with the increase of single-hole charge.
(2) Compared with single-hole blasting, the damage degree and scope of rock mass will be greater because of the superposition of stress waves between adjacent blasting holes in multi-hole blasting.
(3) In multi-hole blasting, the damage depth of the rock mass increases with the increase of maximum charge weight per delay and the number of blasting holes at the same time, but when the number of blasting holes increases to a certain degree, the damage depth will no longer be increased because the superposition of the stress wave is no longer strengthened.
Key words: blasting; damage range; numerical simulation
目录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.2.1岩石爆破损伤理论的研究 1
1.2.2岩石爆破损伤试验的研究 3
1.2.3岩石爆破损伤的数值模拟 4
1.2.3目前存在的问题 4
1.2 主要研究内容 5
第2章 岩石爆破理论及损伤测试 6
2.1 岩石爆破破坏机理 6
2.2.1爆生气体膨胀破坏理论 6
2.2.2爆炸应力波反射破坏理论 6
2.2.3爆生气体和应力波共同作用理论 7
2.2.4岩石爆破破坏分区 7
2.2 工程概况 8
2.3 实验方法及声波布孔 9
2.4 实验结果及分析 10
2.5 本章小结 25
第3章 数值模拟 26
3.1 ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序简介 26
3.2数值计算模型及参数设置 26
3.2.1模拟方法选择 26
3.2.2材料模型及状态方程 26
3.2.3几何模型的建立 28
3.3数值模拟结果及分析 30
3.3.1单孔爆破数值模拟 30
3.3.2多孔爆破数值模拟 32
3.4 本章小结 35
第4章 结论与展望 37
4.1 结论 37
4.2 展望 37
参考文献 38
致谢 40
- 绪论
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