口腔健康知识与儿童及其父母的龋齿和口腔健康行为的关系外文翻译资料
2023-03-22 12:54:35
口腔健康知识与儿童及其父母的龋齿和口腔健康行为的关系
Reza Yazdani 1 , Ehsan Nasr Esfahani 2, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard 3
1 伊朗德黑兰医科大学国际校区牙科学院社区口腔健康系,龋齿预防研究中心副教授。
2 伊朗德黑兰的牙科医生
3 伊朗德黑兰医科大学公共卫生学院流行病学和生物统计学系牙科研究中心流行病学博士生,德黑兰。
摘要
目的。本研究试图评估父母的口腔健康知识(OHL)与他们自己及其子女的蛀牙、 缺牙和补牙(DMFT)指数的关系。
材料和方法。 这项横断面研究是针对2016年与父母一起到德黑兰医科大学牙科学院的儿童牙科和正畸科就诊的258名儿童进行的。父母被要求填写与OHL、口腔健康行 为和背景信息有关的调查问卷。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的标准,对父母和儿童进行临床检查以确定他们的DMFT指数。应用后向线性回归模型评估人口统计学因素 对OHL、行为习惯和DMFT的影响。皮尔逊双变量相关法被用来评估OHL、行为习惯和DMFT的关系。
结果。父母的OHL与儿童的补牙数量之间存在着显著的线性关系(P=0.01)。只有
48.5%的父母有足够的OHL。父母有足够OHL的儿童,其补牙数量明显较多(P=0.03
),缺牙较少(P=0.04)。父母有不充分或边缘的OHL的儿童,补牙数量明显较少
(P=0.01),缺牙较多(P=0.03)。
结论。父母较高的OHL似乎与他们自己和孩子的平均DMFT有明显的关系,并能提 高他们的口腔健康行为。必须在包括伊朗在内的发展中国家实施相关计划,以促进
通讯作者。
R. Yazdani, 伊朗德黑兰医科大学国际校区牙科学院社区口腔健康系。
收到。2018年3月28日已接受。2018年7月17日
父母的OHL,从而改善儿童的口腔健康状况。
关键字。口腔健康知识;缺损补牙指数;父母;儿童牙科护理
德 黑 兰 医 科 大 学 牙 科 杂 志 ,德 黑 兰 ,伊 朗(2018 ;第15卷 ,第 5期 )。
简介
口腔健康在总体健康中起着重要作用,保持口腔卫生可以预防许多疾病[1]。自从识别出导致龋齿的因素以来,已经过去了半个多世纪;然而,龋齿仍然是发展中国家医疗保健系统的一个负担[2]。口腔健康知识(OHL) 是影响社区口腔健康的一个关键因素[3]。'美国牙科协会(ADA)将OHL定义为个人在何种程度上
有能力获得、处理和理解做出适当口腔健康决定所需的基本健康信息和服务'[4]。
父母,特别是母亲在建立和改变其子女的健康行为方面的作用已被充分记录[5]。父母对健康的各方面影响最大,包括身体和社会心理健康,而且这种影响从出生就开始了[6,7]。
父母的OHL不足与以下情况有关
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J Dent (Tehran) Yazdani et al.
儿童的龋齿率高,补牙少[8]。
2010年伊朗的Sistani等人[8]和2013年印度的Ramandeep等人[9]对成年人的OHL进行了评估,结果显示其低于适当的水平。
2011年印度的Haridas等人[10]和2012年伊朗的Haerian Ardakani等人[11]指出,OHL、口腔健康状况和蛀牙、缺牙、补牙(DMFT)指 数的改善之间存在明显的关联。Vann等人[12] 报道,照顾者的OHL对幼儿的口腔健康结果有多维影响。2015年,伊朗的Khodadadi等[7] 评估了父母的OHL与子女的口腔健康状况的关系,结果显示,OHL水平较高的父母的子女有更好的口腔健康状况。2012年,Brega等人[13]在Navaho地区报告了同样的结果。 在我们国家,伊朗,对预防的关注较少,而牙医们更强调牙齿治疗[14]。
关于OHL及其对口腔健康的影响的研究仍然是初步的,在这个领域显然需要进一步研究[15]。考虑到OHL的意义和父母在儿童口腔健康行为中的作用,本研究旨在评估父母的OHL与他们自己和孩子的DMFT指数的关系。
材料和方法
这项描述性、分析性的横断面研究是针对2016 年与父母一起到伊朗德黑兰医科大学国际校区牙科学院儿童牙科和正畸科就诊的258名儿童( =( 1- 2)/2times;p(1- )/d2)进行的。母亲们在签署知情同意书后自愿填写了OHL 问卷。 该问卷的有效性和可靠性
此前,在伊朗和非伊朗人群中已经证实了这些问卷[8,16-18]。
儿童和他们的父母根据世界卫生组织(WHO)
的标准诊断标准[19]进行了牙科临床检查, 由社区口腔健康专家校准后,由一名高级牙科学生确定DMFT指数。问卷包括五个部分。第一部分包括有关口腔和牙齿健康的一般知识的问题。第二部分包括评估感知牙科指示的能力的问题。第三部分包括在遇到口腔和牙齿问题时对个人决定的评估问题,以及对牙科检查表格中一些表达的看法。第四部分包括评估口腔健康行为的问题,而第五部分包括有关年龄、性别、教育水平、家庭成员数量和职业状况的问题。在OHL问卷中, 总共有17个正确的选择。获得0-9分的人的OHL被认为是不充分的,而10-11分表示中度
(边缘)OHL,12-17分表示充分的OHL。 本研究已得到德黑兰医科大学研究伦理委员会的批准(IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1395.586)。
为了评估人口统计学因素(年龄、性别、教育水平和家庭成员数量)作为自变量对OHL、行为习惯(刷牙、看牙、使用含糖零食和吸烟) 和DMFT作为因变量的影响,对儿童及其母亲采用了反向线性回归模型。皮尔逊相关的双变量被用来分析OHL变量、行为习惯和健康指数的相关性。显著性水平被设定为Plt;0.05。 统计分析使用SPSS 22软件程序(IBM公司,芝加哥,IL,美国)进行。
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Yazdani等 人 口 腔 健 康 知 识 与 龋 齿 和 口 腔 健 康 行 为 的 关 系
结果
父母的平均年龄为35.47岁(从20岁到60岁不等),孩子的平均年龄为8.39岁(从5岁到15 岁不等)。14%的儿童与他们的父亲一起出现,86%与他们的母亲一起出现。父母的OHL足够、不足和边缘水平的频率分别为48.5%、28.3%和23.2%。父母较高的教育水平与他们的OHL的改善明显相关(B=2.208; 表1)。
表1. 父母和儿童的口腔健康素养(OHL)与蛀牙、缺牙和补牙(DMFT)指数及其组成部分的线性相关系数(n=258;双变量皮尔逊相关)。
与孩子们的'f '的数量相关(P=0.037),与孩子们的缺牙(m)呈反相关(P=0.045)。父母的边缘性OHL与他们孩子的'm '成分有显著的相关性(P=0.036)。父母的OHL不足与他们孩子的'f '成分呈反向关系(P=0.010;表1)
。只有48.5%的父母有足够的OHL。 父母年龄越大,与父母(B=0.145)和子女(B=0.07 9)的DMFT的增加和子女(B=-0.120)的dmft的减少有明显的相关性。另外,男性父母的'M '成分明显高于女性父母(B=-2.130
,Plt;0.05;表2)。
表2.人口统计学因素与儿童和家长的口腔健康知识(OH
DMFT及其组成部分
适当的
OHL OHL
边缘化不足
OHL OHL
L)、口腔健康行为以及蛀牙、缺牙和补牙(DMFT)指数的线性回归(n=258)。
DMFT。
D.父母M.父母F.父母
DMFT。
儿童
D. 儿 童 M. 儿 童 F.儿童dmft.儿童d. 儿 童 m.儿童
f.儿童
*重要的是
-0.057 0.152*
-0.125* 0.130*
0.131*
-0.002 |
-0.026 |
0.047 |
-0.015 |
-0.046 |
-0.055 |
-0.019 |
0.079 |
-0.082 |
-0.065 |
0.051 |
0.024 |
0.108 |
0.070 |
0.021 |
-0.097 |
-0.004 |
-0.035 |
0.060 |
-0.017 |
-0.050 |
-0.051 |
0.035 |
0.024 |
0.001 |
-0.060 |
0.113 |
-0.039 |
0.070 |
0.015 |
0.055 |
-0.068 |
-0.014 |
-0.007 |
0.005 |
0.004 |
-0.053 |
-0.033 |
-0.015 |
0.050 |
0.016
0.005
-0.160*
OHL DMFT。
父母
D.父母M.父母F.父母
DMFT。
儿童
D.儿童M.儿童
龄的父母(P-值)
性别
的父母(P-值)
教育
ǞǞǞ
父母
(P-值)
家庭成员的数量(P值
父母的平均DMFT为(9.75plusmn;4.36)颗,儿童
的主牙为(6.33plusmn;3.80)颗,儿童的恒牙为(1
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Relationship of Oral Health Literacy with Dental Caries and Oral Health Behavior of Children and Their Parents
Reza Yazdani 1, Ehsan Nasr Esfahani 2, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Community Oral Health, Research Center for Caries Prevention, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
2 Dentist, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD Candidate of Epidemiology, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Objectives: This study sought to assess the relationship of oral health literacy (OHL) of parents with the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) indices of themselves and their children.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 258 children presenting with their parents to the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Departments of School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The parents were asked to fill out questionnaires related to OHL, oral health behaviors, and background information. Both parents and children were clinically examined to determine their DMFT indices according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. A backward linear regression model was applied to assess the effect of demographic factors on OHL, behavioral habits, and DMFT. The Pearsonrsquo;s bivariate correlation was used to assess the relationship of OHL, behavioral habits, and DMFT.
Results: A significant linear correlation was noted between the OHL of the parents and the number of filled teeth in children (P=0.01). Only 48.5% of the parents had adequate OHL. Children whose parents had adequate OHL had a significantly higher number of fillings (P=0.03) and fewer missing teeth (P=0.04). Children whose parents had inadequate or
Corresponding author:
R. Yazdani, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran,
Iran ryazdani@tums.ac.ir
Received: 28 March 2018
Accepted: 17 July 2018
marginal OHL had a significantly lower number of fillings (P=0.01) and more missing teeth (P=0.03).
Conclusions: Higher OHL of parents seems to be significantly related to the mean DMFT of themselves and their children and enhances their oral health behavior. Programs must be implemented in developing countries, including Iran, to promote the OHL of parents and consequently improve the oral health status of children.
Key words: Oral Health Literacy; Decayed Missing Filled Index; Parents; Dental Care for Children
Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (2018; Vol. 15, No. 5)
INTRODUCTION
Oral health plays an important role in general health, and oral hygiene maintenance prevents many diseases [1]. More than half a century has passed since the identification of factors causing caries; however, dental caries is still a burden on the healthcare system of developing countries [2]. Oral health literacy (OHL) is a critical factor affecting the oral health of a community [3]. “The American Dental Association (ADA) defines OHL as the degree to which individuals
have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate oral health decisions” [4].
The role of parents and particularly mothers in establishing and changing the health behavior of their children has been well documented [5]. Parents have the greatest effect on all aspects of health including physical and psychosocial health, and this effect starts at birth [6,7]. Inadequate OHL of parents is associated with
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children having high rates of dental caries and few dental fillings [8].
Sistani et al [8] in 2010 in Iran and Ramandeep et al [9] in 2013 in India evaluated the OHL of adults and showed that it was below the adequate level.
Haridas et al [10] in 2011 in India and Haerian Ardakani et al [11] in 2012 in Iran indicated a significant association among OHL, oral health status, and improvement of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Vann et al [12] reported that the OHL of caregivers has a multidimensional impact on oral health outcomes in young children. In 2015, Khodadadi et al [7] in Iran evaluated the relationship of the OHL of parents and the oral health status of their children and showed that children of parents with a higher level of OHL had a better oral health status. In 2012, Brega et al [13] reported the same results in Navaho. In our country, Iran, less attention has been paid to prevention, while more emphasis has been placed by dentists on dental treatments [14].
Studies on OHL and its effects on oral health are still preliminary, and there is an obvious need for further research in this field [15]. Considering the significance of OHL and the role of parents in oral health behavior of children, this study aimed to assess the relationship of the OHL of parents with the DMFT indices of themselves and their children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 children (?=(?1minus;?2)/2times;p(1minus;?)/d2) presenting with their parents to the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Departments of School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, International Campus, Tehran, Iran, in 2016. The
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