小学数学课堂有效理答的策略研究
2023-05-31 09:01:44
论文总字数:9981字
摘 要
理答是指教师对学生回答问题后的反应和处理,是课堂问答的重要组成部分。有效的理答可以活跃课堂气氛,激发学生的学习兴趣,提升学生的思维能力,建立和谐的师生关系。新课改背景下,教师仍严重缺乏理答意识,低效理答现象普遍。文章通过阐述小学数学教师课堂理答的现存问题和对小学数学教师课堂低效理答的原因进行分析,进而提出小学数学教师课堂有效理答的改进策略,促进智慧理答。关键字:小学数学教师,有效理答,理答意识
Abstract: The justifications refers to respond and handle teachers answer questions for students, is an important part of classroom quiz. Valid justifications can active classroom atmosphere, stimulate students’ interest in learning, enhance the students" thinking ability, establish harmonious relationship between teachers and students. Under the background of new curriculum reform, teachers still lack a sense of science, and the inefficient phenomenon is very common. By analyzing the status of primary school classroom teachers of mathematics and science answer and classroom teaching inefficiency of mathematics teachers in primary school should cause, puts forward the improvement strategy of primary school classroom teachers in mathematics should, and promote wisdom answer.
Keywords: primary school mathematics teachers, effectively treating answer, the justifications for consciousness
目 录
1 前言···························································3
2 小学数学教师课堂理答的现存问题·································3
2.1 单调乏味,简单重复···········································4
2.2 敷衍塞责,含糊其辞···········································4
2.3 提问不明,反复转问···········································5
2.4 越俎代庖,无情否定···········································5
3 小学数学教师课堂低效理答的原因分析·····························6
3.1 教师缺乏理答意识,缺少理答机智·······························6
3.2 师生情感交流甚少,固守传统教师观·····························7
3.3 学习任务繁重,问题类型层次较高·······························7
4 小学数学教师课堂有效理答的改进策略·····························7
4.1 树立教师理答意识,提升理答机智·······························7
4.2 增进师生情感交流,转变教师的教学观···························8
4.3 有针对性地提问,分层理答·····································8
4.4 转问与追问相结合,循循善诱···································9
结论····························································11
参考文献························································12
致谢····························································13
1 前言
华东师大崔允漷教授认为,理答就是教师对学生回答问题后的反应和处理,是课堂问答的重要组成部分。本文中,笔者将小学数学教师课堂理答的方式分为言语理答和非言语理答两方面。言语理答按其功能分类可分为诊断性理答、激励性理答、目标性理答和发展性理答四种。[1]非言语理答按其反应程度可分为有反应理答和无反应理答。动作理答与神情理答则属于有反应理答,如表示肯定的动作神情可以是点头、竖大拇指、微笑、惊喜等,表示否定的动作神情可以有摇头、皱眉等。无反应理答,亦即不理答,可表示出乎意料的反应,也可表示留给学生思考空间。
现今时代,数学课程改革已成为全国范围内的热门话题。自2001年以来,我国前后颁布了一系列关于课改的重要文件,在全国上下都引起了热烈的反响。过去传统的填鸭式教学方法,以接受学习与机械练习为主的学习方法都成为了这次课改的重要内容。要改变这些现状,提高教学质量是首要之举。基于此,教师能力的提高继而成为必先要面对的问题,教师要转变过去传统的教学理念,转变以教师为主的教学观为以学生为主的教学观,改变“填鸭式”的教学模式为注重学生自主探索、合作交流相结合的学习模式等。要实现这一转变,在课堂教学中教师必须提升提问技巧并增强理答的有效性。
大多数的研究者们在探索如何提高教学质量时都把重点放在研究问题提出的方式上,本文将从理答这一角度采用观察法、文献法、归纳总结法,在观察淮安市实验小学长征校区1~6年级小学数学教师课堂理答行为的现状基础上,再通过文献查阅、访谈记录等方法对教师的课堂理答行为进行比较分析,总结归纳出教师理答现状的可能原因,从而有针对性地提出一些改进措施。
新课改指出,教学过程中要注重师生间的交往互动与合作交流,以促进师生间和谐关系的培养。而理答就是他们互动的其中一种有效途径。教师的智慧理答不仅能够促进师生间的和谐关系,活跃课堂气氛,引发学生进一步的独立思考,提高学生的学习兴趣,还能提升教师在学生心目中的高大形象,从而提高教学效益。但如果教师的理答行为单调乏味、含糊其辞,或直接不予理睬等,都会影响学生学习的积极性,浇灭学生思维的火花,降低教学的实质效果。其次,课堂理答不能受制于预设好的教学设计,机械使用,而应形式多样,变幻多姿,在丰富的课堂情境中动态生成。[2]
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