论文总字数：18981字

摘 要

近年，海外汉语学习者呈现低龄化趋势，以西班牙为例，自2007年建立第一所孔子学院后，西班牙又相继设立了7所孔子学院和8个孔子课堂，开设中文专业的大学也超过了40所。同时，西班牙也有很多中小学开设了中文课程，表明西班牙汉语教育正逐渐向初中等教育中延伸。

在此背景之下，国家汉办研制了YCT（新中小学汉语考试），考查汉语非第一语言的中小学生在日常生活和学习中运用汉语的能力。YCT考试进一步丰富了汉语测试体系，可更好地满足世界范围内的汉语考试需求。作为新兴的汉语测试，YCT考试“以考促学”提高了中小学汉语课程的教学质量，并带动了学生的学习积极性，但是YCT考试在大纲、教材、课程衔接等多个环节上依旧存在问题。

本文以西班牙萨拉戈萨大学孔子学院的YCT班级学习者为观察对象，通过文献收集、课堂观察等方法分析海外汉语学习者的低龄化趋势成因、YCT考试现状以及YCT考试与孔子学院汉语课程衔接情况等问题。研究发现：（1）对于YCT考试研制方来说，需要进一步加强对该考试的宣传，增加考点并扩大考生规模，并进一步精细化YCT的大纲和教材；（2）对已经开设YCT考试的西班牙萨拉戈萨大学孔子学院来说，YCT课程与考试的匹配度较低，YCT的教学任务较重，师资队伍不稳定，这些原因都在一定程度上影响了YCT的课程教学。本文认为应该进一步提升YCT课程教师的专业水平，完善课堂教学体系，尤其应该注重拼音和汉字教学，并增加一定比例的文化体验课。

关键词：低龄化；YCT考试；课程体系；教学策略

Abstract

In recent years, overseas Chinese learners have shown a trend of younger ages. Taking Spain as an example, since the establishment of the first Confucius Institute in 2007, then Spain has successively established 7 Confucius Institutes and 8 Confucius Classrooms 40. At the same time, many primary and secondary schools in Spain have set up Chinese courses, indicating that Spanish Chinese education is gradually extending to junior and secondary education.

In this background, Office of Chinese Language Council International has developed the YCT (Youth Chinese Test) to test the ability of primary and middle school students who are not the first language to use Chinese in their daily lives and learning. The YCT test further enriches the Chinese test system and can better meet the needs of Chinese test worldwide. As a burgeoning Chinese test, the YCT exam "promoting learning through exams" improves the teaching quality of Chinese courses in primary and middle schools, and drives students' enthusiasm for learning. However, the YCT exam still has problems in multiple links such as outlines, textbooks, and curriculum articulation.

This article takes YCT class learners from the Confucius Institute at the University of Zaragoza in Spain as the object of observation, and analyzes the causes of the ageing trend of overseas Chinese learners, the current status of the YCT test, and the connection between the YCT test and the Chinese course of the Confucius Institute through theoretical research and classroom observation. The study found that: (1) For YCT test developers, it is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the test, to increase the number of test sites and to expand the scale of candidates. It is also important to refine the YCT outline and teaching materials; (2) For the Confucius Institute at the University of Zaragoza in Spain which has already opened the YCT test, the matching between the YCT course and the exam is low, the teaching tasks of the YCT are heavy, and the teaching staff is unstable. To a certain degree, these reasons have affected the YCT course teaching. This article believes that the professional level of YCT course teachers and the classroom teaching system should be improved. In particular, pinyin and Chinese character teaching should be emphasized, and a certain percentage of cultural experience classes should be added.

Key words: Younger-age trend; YCT；Course system；Teaching strategies

目 录

摘 要 II

Abstract III

第一章 引言 6

1.1 选题背景 6

1.2 研究现状 7

1.3 研究方法 9

第二章 海外汉语学习者低龄化趋势分析 11

2.1 海外汉语学习者低龄化趋势成因 11

2.2低龄化趋势对汉语教学提出新要求 12

2.3小结 13

第三章 YCT考试现状分析 14

3.1 YCT考试发展状况 14

3.2 YCT的作用 15

3.3 YCT存在的问题 21

3.4小结 23

第四章 萨拉戈萨大学孔子学院YCT教学情况分析 24

4.1西班牙儿童学习现状 24

4.2学习特点及其影响因素 24

4.3 YCT课程整体情况 25

4.4 YCT教学存在的问题 25

4.5小结 26

第五章 结论 27

5.1提升教师专业水平 27

5.2完善课程教学体系 27

5.3注重拼音和汉字教学 27

5.4适当增加文化体验课 27

参考文献 29

图表目录

表 1西班牙孔子学院分布情况 6

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