论文总字数：13775字

摘 要

新形势下，我国社会、经济的飞速发展，世界足球运动的发展趋势，都对新一代的青少年足球后备人才提出了新的规格和要求，那就是既有健全思想道德品质，相应的文化科学知识水平，能够适应现代社会生存与发展，同时具有一定足球专项竞技能力与水平的特殊人才。从坚持和完善“举国体制”的视角，运用系统论、制度经济学理论、训练学及可持续发展等相关理论，全面、深入地剖析我国足球后备人才培养现状及存在的问题，通过不同培养路径之间的纵向与横向比较，梳理各种路径的发展历史及其产生的内在机制和原因，挖掘出具有规律性的特征，借鉴国外足球强国特别是韩、日的成功培养经验，结合我国的具体实际，探索我国足球后备人才“多元化”培养路径的理想模式。

本研究运用文献资料法、访谈法、逻辑分析法对上海市“体教结合”足球学校进行研究，其结果显示：构建以教育系统为主，其他系统为辅的，并且在高中毕业之后才可选择是否继续参与足球的新型“多元化”培养路径模式，这是新形势下我国足球后备人才培养的必经之路。建立以政府为主导，教育系统为主渠道的“多元化”培养体系，青少年足球后备人才培养体系中“多元”培养路径中所有青少年学生，必须接受规范、平等的小学、初中、高中教育，参加相应的毕业考试，取得正规的毕业证书。政府主导下，发挥教育系统、体育系统、社会系统各自的优势，合理配置资源，教育系统承担全面发展的基础教育，体育系统、职业足球俱乐承担资金、足球专业支持，社会系统提供必要的补充，形成优势互补，和谐共生的“多元化”人才培养格局，才能培养全面发展的新型青少年足球后备人才。在年龄段的设置上，应每一个年龄段都设置球队，在地区的竞赛中，做到每一个年龄段都有相应的竞赛安排，做到与教育部门6-3-3学制相适应，进一步细化、完善“多元化”培养路径的竞赛体系。并从理论和实证的角度探讨如何整合各种资源，统筹兼顾，构建新时期足球后备人才“多元化”培养理论，以期能够指导我国足球后备人才培养的科学、健康发展，提高我国足球后备人才培养的质量和效益。

关键词：区域性，青少年，足球后备人才，多元化

Abstract：Under the new situation, the rapid development of our society and economy and the development trend of world football all put forward new specifications and requirements for the new generation of young football reserve talents, that is, they have sound ideological and moral qualities, corresponding cultural and scientific knowledge level, can adapt to the survival and development of modern society, and have certain special football competitive ability and level. Talents. From the perspective of upholding and perfecting the "whole country system", using the theories of system theory, institutional economics, training science and sustainable development, this paper comprehensively and thoroughly analyses the current situation and existing problems of football reserve personnel training in China. Through vertical and horizontal comparison between different training paths, it combs the development history of various paths and their internal mechanisms and causes, and digs out the reasons for their emergence. We should dig out the regular characteristics, learn from the successful training experience of foreign football powers, especially Korea and Japan, and explore the ideal mode of "diversification" training path for football reserve talents in China in the light of China"s specific reality.

This research uses the methods of documentation, interview and logical analysis to study the "combination of sports and education" football school in Shanghai. The results show that the construction of a new "diversified" training path mode of football reserve talents in China under the new situation is mainly based on the education system, supplemented by other systems, and only after graduation from high school can we choose whether to continue to participate in football. The only way which must be passed. To establish a "pluralistic" training system with the government as the leading factor and the education system as the main channel, all the young students in the "pluralistic" training path of the youth football reserve personnel training system must accept standardized and equal primary, junior and senior education, take corresponding graduation examinations and obtain formal diplomas. Under the leadership of the government, we should give full play to the respective advantages of the education system, the sports system and the social system, rationally allocate resources, the education system undertakes the basic education for all-round development, the sports system and professional football club play undertakes funds and professional football support, and the social system provides necessary supplements to form a "pluralistic" talent training pattern with complementary advantages and harmonious coexistence, so as to cultivate all-round talents. The development of New Youth Football Reserve talents. In the setting of age groups, teams should be set up for each age group. In regional competitions, there should be corresponding competition arrangements for each age group. It should be adapted to the 6-3-3 educational system of the education department, and further refine and improve the competition system of "diversified" training paths. From the theoretical and empirical point of view, this paper explores how to integrate various resources, give overall consideration, and construct the theory of "diversification" cultivation of football reserve talents in the new era, so as to guide the scientific and healthy development of Football Reserve Talents Cultivation in China and improve the quality and efficiency of Football Reserve Talents Cultivation in China.

Key words: Regional,Youth, Football Reserve Talents, Diversification

目 录

1 前言 5

2 研究对象与研究方法 5

2.1 研究对象 5

2.2 研究方法 5

2.2.1 文献资料法 5

2.2.2 访谈法 6

2.2.3 逻辑分析法 6

3 结果与分析 6

3.1 我国足球后备人才“多元化”培养路径的目标模式 6

3.1.1 建立以政府为主导，教育系统为主渠道的“多元化”培养体系 7

3.1.2 “各元”培养路径在“多元化”培养路径中的地位与作用 7

3.2 构建我国足球后备人才“多元化”培养路径的依据 8

3.2.1 贯彻、落实科学发展观，培养全面发展的新型足球后备人才 8

3.2.2 我国青少年足球后备人才培养经验和教训的总结 8

3.2.3 足球发达国家，特别是新兴足球强国成功经验的启示 9

3.3 建立并完善“多元化”培养路径的竞赛体系 9

3.4 我国足球后备人才“多元化”培养路径发展对策 11

3.4.1 树立以科学发展观为指导的全面发展的足球后备人才培养理念 11

3.4.2 坚持政府在构建青少年足球后备人才“多元化”培养路径中的主导地位 11

3.4.3 构建以学校为主渠道的新型“多元化”培养路径模式，必须发挥“各元”优势，优化配置资源 12

4 结论与建议 12

参 考 文 献 13

致 谢 14

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