1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

2 Literature Review 2.1 Previous studies on Cronus Liu Jianping (2014) noted that cronus was a new concept adopted by Coetzee in his novel, Disgrace. Cronus means crossing borders illegally, that is, exceeding the political and moral limits which are set for individuals. Zhang Chong and Guo Zhengfeng (2001) argue that everyone must pay the price for their ”cronus” behaviors. In Sula#8217;s pilgrimage to seek self-identity, Sula refused to get married, give birth to a baby and she had sex with different man and even came to the church without underwear which exceeded the political, moral and religious limits. Since the World War l, black civil rights movement and the women#8217;s liberation movement upsurge, Sula started seeking self-identity with her increasing consciousness and even had some conducts of cronus. However, in that time, black people were discriminated by the white. Especially, black women had no certain status and always were oppressed under the triple burdens of racism, sexism and classism, it doomed to be a tough journey for them to identity themselves. 2.2 Previous studies on Sula#8217;s Behaviors Sula had many conducts which were against the traditional concepts in the black community. She refused to live like other people in the community, to marry somebody, to give birth to a child or to take care of a family. She had sex with different man as much as possible and abandoned them after one time, even her best friend#8217;s husband. When her mother was burned in the big fire, Sula felt very interesting. After returning to the Bottom, Sula sent the old Eva to a nursing house. She even thought that almost every black woman in this country was waiting for the final death. Du Zhiqing (2003) believes Sula was the traitor of ”Bottom”. Tao Yun (2015) analyzes these behaviors in view of psychology and emphasizes that all these behaviors were Sula#8217;s pursuit of innate desire and breaking the shackles of reality. Pu Xiumei (2002) mentioned that Sula#8217;s choice of loneliness and the plight is active but also passive. She even challenged the black religion and came to the church without underwear. All her conducts of cronus led to the misunderstandings, alienation and isolation by other people in the community. 2.3 Previous Studies on other Black Women#8217;s Behaviors After BoyBoy left home, Eva didn#8217;t resign herself to adversity. Eva dared to take risk to get pension to support the family. She also killed her son Plum so that he could live a new life. Tao Yun (2015) thinks that Eva was a black woman with enthusiasm and apathy, tradition and rebellion. As an older black woman, she had rewritten the secular concept on the black women with her spontaneous revolt against the cruel reality. Li Fang (2013) believes that Eva used her own rebellion to strike against those traditional mothers who were disciplined by the patriarchal ethics. Pu Xiumei (2002) mentioned that Nel#8217;s sense of rebellion was not so strong to get rid of the tradition. She resisted to the name her parents gave which was a sign of Nel#8217;s arousal of self-identity. The focus of their studies is black feminism, exploring the hardships and pains of self-identification of black women. They have analyzed the main characters#8217; resistance. But none of them has interpreted these behaviors in view of cronus. Actually, all these feminism rebellions are conducts of cronus. In their pilgrimage to seek self-identity, having no certain status and always being oppressed under the triple burdens of racism, sexism and classism, they have no choice but to have such behaviors of cronus. 2.4 Purpose of Writing This paper will focus on interpreting Sula and other black females#8217; behaviors in view of cronus. It will mainly discuss the theme from three aspects. First, it will discuss the behaviors of the black females#8217; self-identification in Sula, including both women and men#8217;s. Second, the paper will analyze why Sula had those conducts of ”Cronus” in her pilgrimage to self-identification and what subjects do her crazy words and deeds actually want to convey and why they doomed to fail in the end. Finally, it will discuss what on earth does the black feminism in view of cronus mean.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1.Research Topic Sula in view of Cronus: Sula is the second novel of Morrison. It explores the pains and hardships of black women#8217;s progress of self-identification. Many scholars have discussed the main characters#8217; behaviors in Sula so as to study the black feminism. In Sula#8217;s pilgrimage, she had many conducts of ”cronus” and eventually she paid great price for it. However, why Sula had such conducts of ”cronus” and what do their crazy words and deeds really want to convey have not attracted due attention yet. . By analyzing and concluding previous scholars#8217; views, I need to find the meaningful issue to talk about and observe or compare the main characters#8217; conducts of Cronus so as to work out why Sula had such conducts of ”cronus” and what their crazy words and deeds really want to convey. 2. Research Methods Document research: Before I write this thesis, I have read some works on this subject, which can be found in the library and on the Internet. And then I will make a careful research into them by using comparison and analysis based on the material I have selected. In this way, I intend to discuss the main characters#8217; behaviors in Sula in view of Cronus and explore the black feminism in the novel.