1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

metaphor has a long history and is one of the most commonly used rhetorical devices. the study of metaphor, from ancient times to the modern and contemporary days, from home to abroad, has never been interrupted and is of great academic value. as one of the four classical literary masterpieces in china, all men are brothers has attracted great attention in translation field because of its essential status in history and a great many english versions. many critics have studied all men are brothers from different perspectives and in different ways and draw different conclusions.

there are many experts and translators who have done researches and work in this area. pearl s. buck is a famous american female writer. she translates all men are brothers with the purpose of showing this novel with its original traditional chinese style both in form and meaning. she aims to convey chinese culture by literal translation. many people acclaim that she makes mistakes in some places during her translation process. however, she affirms that it is an inadvisable tendency to blindly follow the mainstream in translating field. tang yanfang (2009)

generally expounds that some relevant researches are confirmed to moral criticism. they hold that the literal translation of some words is a kind of mistake. she proposes that we should evaluate pearl s. buck’s translation in the terms of history and culture and the role that is played in the cultural exchange between east and west.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

this paper aims to analyze the two translating versions, namely all men are brothers and the outlaws of the marsh , to discuss methods and strategies applied by two translators. chapter one introduces work, two translating versions and the translators. in addition, relevant background culture will be talked about. chapter two deals with the related literary views on the translation work. chapter three is to illustrate the translating metaphors in two translation versions. in this chapter, there are several metaphorical instances as well as their features. chapter four is about the translation strategies and methods. chapter five is the conclusion, mainly including the findings.

methodologies:

1.reading books and literary studies related to the subject

3. 研究计划与安排

before 1st january : settlement of the title

before 1st march: submission of the outline

before 15th april : submission of the first draft

4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

[1]buck s.pearls. all men are brothers. new york: the john day company, 1933

[2]history of translation [m]．london . routledge.

[3]newmark,peter.about translation. clevedon:multilingual matters ltd,1991