1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

literary works are an artistic form of expressing people's thoughts in a specific historical environment. they are often endowed with special significance by the authors, reflecting the social economic and historical characteristics of the time. britain is a country with long history and profound cultural connotations; america, relatively short history, however, develops rapidly. through the analysis of british and american literary works, we can see the cultural differences between the two sides. yearning for freedom is the theme of most english literary works, while struggling and criticism are the themes of american literary works. as there are great differences in the social and historical development of each country, the cultural and literary works revealed also have strong national and regional characteristics. anglo-american literature, representing the crystallization of labor and wisdom of the people of the two countries, is a manifestation of the development of people's culture. robinson crusoe is a typical representative of english literary works. the old man and the sea is a typical representative of american literary works. the old man and the sea and robinson crusoe both take the ocean as the development clue of their stories, but from the perspective of cultural intention, the former represents american literature. most of the american literary works are a kind of criticism of the dark society. most of the heroes have the spirit of resistance and resistance to the powerful forces at that time, as well as the expectation of freedom. the latter, on the other hand, represents english literary works, mainly centering on people's yearning for a free and beautiful life. there are differences between american literature and english literature in terms of development practice and prospects. american literature started late and has broad prospects for development. english literature started early and it has become mature. influenced by the social and historical environment, in order to express people's expectation of freedom. by comparing and analyzing the british literary works robinson crusoe and the american literary works the old man and the sea, we can feel the differences between british and american cultures reflected in literary works, the personal enjoyment brought by different literary works, and the unique charm of different civilizations. it is precisely because of the differences between british and american cultures that the diversity of world cultures has been enhanced, thus promoting the development of global cultures in the direction of pluralism. in a word, as an artistic form of expression in the history of human civilization, literary works must have certain special meanings when they can be spread up to now. by comparing the two representative works, the old man and the sea and robinson crusoe, we can clearly find that although they are similar on the surface, they are quite different in essence and content expression. it is these differences that hide different cultural intentions in british and american literary works."different nationalities have cultural characteristics that symbolize their own national characteristics. it is this unique cultural characteristics that make up the literary characteristics of each nation and the diversity of world cultures." daniel defoe, an english writer, describes robinson's 28-year survival on a desert island through his diary. he has been far away from the noise and isolation. from the story, we can see robinson's indomitable and optimistic spirit. robinson crusoe is praised as the first real novel in britain, the novel is adapted on the basis of real events, reflecting the ambivalent mentality of people who yearned for adventure but dared not take risks at that time.at that time, the british bourgeoisie grew stronger and robinson became a hero in the novel. from him, we can see the enterprising spirit and exploratory consciousness of the bourgeoisie.the american writer hemingway's the old man and the sea describes the story of a cuban fisherman fighting marlin. "the old man and the sea is a myth of man and nature created by the writer with his rich imagination through a true story." by carefully reading this literary work, we can feel the values embodied in it. as a result of the destruction of the two world wars,

the united states was depressed and languished at that time, and the author described fishermen in order to make a living, in the face of the survival of the desperate sea, the fisherman are indomitable and brave . with the development of american

literature, it has gradually formed a unique literary characteristics. hemingway's the old man and the sea was written in the replacement of the old and new united states, reflecting the characteristics and critical spirit of american literature.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

Robinson Crusoe is a typical representative of English literary works. The Old Man and the Sea is a typical representative of American literary works. Literary works are an artistic form of expressing people's thoughts in a specific historical environment. They are often endowed with special significance by the authors, reflecting the social economy and historical characteristics of the time. By comparing and analyzing the British literary works Robinson Crusoe and the American literary works The Old Man and the Sea, we can feel the differences between British and American cultures reflected in literary works, the personal enjoyment brought by different literary works, and the unique charm of different civilizations. This paper first makes a comparative analysis of the cultural background of Robinson Crusoe and the Old Man and the Sea. Then the cultural images of the two novels are compared and analyzed from three aspects: the portrayal of the protagonist, the cultural background of British and American marine culture, and the situation created by the deepening of the theme. Through the analysis of British and American literary works, it is clear that there are two sides between the cultural differences. Yearning for freedom is the theme of most English literary works, while struggling and criticism are the themes of American literary works. As there are great differences in the social and historical development of each country, the cultural and literary works revealed also have strong national and regional characteristics. Anglo-American literature, representing the crystallization of labor and wisdom of the people of the two countries, is a manifestation of the development of people's culture. Based on the analysis above, better understanding of the cultural differences between two countries can be achieved.

3. 研究计划与安排

before 1st january : settlement of the title

before 1st march: submission of the outline

before 15th april : submission of the first draft

4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

[1] chen anan. no fishing allowed[j].英语画刊：初二版,2009,0(7):30-30

[2] huang ping. an analysis of the characteristics of santiago in--the old man and the sea[j].文学界：理论版,2012(4):114-115.

[3] juan pimentel . robinson crusoe: the fate of the british ulysses[j]. endeavour, march 2010: 16-20.