1.Introduction

1.1 Research background

Alice Walker is an African American writer, a professor at Wellesley University. Alice Walker was born in the rural community of Eatonton, Georgia on February 9, 1944. She was the youngest of 8 children to her parents, who both worked as sharecroppers. When Alice was 8 years old, one of her brothers accidentally shot her in the right eye with a BB gun, blinding her for life. Alice Walker grew up during the upsurge of African-American civil rights movement for racial equality in the 1960s. When she was a freshman, she took part in the black people's march for the civil rights movement and even was invited to Martin Luther King#8217;s home. Then she went to Washington to join in the black struggling for rights and freedom movement in1963. Where she heard the Martin Luther King, Jr.#8217;s famous speech, ”I Have a Dream#8217;. These early experiences had，left a profound influence on her and her writing about the tragic experience of black women.

The Color Purple was set in the United States in the early twentieth Century. From the beginning of Europe discovering the new continent, the black slavery trade was full of tragic tears, with the occupation and division of colonies movements. Until after the Civil War, the black man was left out of slavery under the insistence of Abraham Lincoln. By 1960s, the rights and interests of blacks were still not guaranteed. In particular, black women in the United States were subject to racial discrimination and patriarchal, they lost their dignity. It was a time of white supremacy. Black women's living environment was very bad. The courage was needed if women wanted to live in this environment with dignity. So the awakening of subject consciousness was an important prerequisite for black women to gain equal status with men.

The theme of The Color Purple is clear and profound, and it involves a series of serious social problems, such as race, religion, feminism, homosexuality and African colonial exploitation. It is called ”an important book forever#8217;. The Color Purple is an epistolary novel about Celie, a woman was unlucky that she only could tell her troubles to God in the form of letters. It tells the story of the black women living in the bottom of society to fight for the political, economic, gender and racial equality, seeking spiritual independence and integrity of the personality.. After the publication, it became a best seller in 1982. The following year, it won three American literature awards, National Book Award, the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Pulitzer prize. This novel was also favored by the Hollywood movie Avatar Spielberg ”the most imaginative#8217; in twentieth Century. The Color Purple was adapted into a film which was the first black film and received 11 Oscar nominations.

1.2Previous studies on The Color Purple

In 1986, fourth years after the publication of The Color Purple, It was first translated into Chinese by Tao Jie. Many Chinese scholars began to pay attention to The Color Purple written by Alice Walker. Series of review articles were published on The Color Purple. Starting from language research, during this period, Wang Chengyu (2002)was the main representative of research scholars. He had done a lot of research on Alice Walker#8217;s works. For example, An analysis of the language strategy of The Color Purple; Alice Walker#8217;s national consciousness in The Color Purple language; Through the comparison of the rural South African dialects of English and Liti standard English, Wang Chengyu pointed out that ” Through the comparison of language, we can see Alice's view of language that black and white is the same#8217;.In west country, Raghunath, Hema Nalini (2014) writed an article Language as a symbol in Alice Walker#8217;s The Color Purple.This paper discussed how language is used as a symbol in Alice Walker#8217;s The Color Purple, to impressively characterize her characters in The Color Purple.

Womanism was another research hotspots, and scholars pointed out the contribution of Alice Walker to women's Literature. In the study of womanism, The new concept of womanism in The Color Purple was written by Feng Jinke(2007). It pointed that the protagonist Celie had experienced two major changes in the process of searching for self identity: from female conquest to freedom;from lonely soul to sanity. Walker's feminist thoughts from The Color Purple was written by Huang Xueying(2014), reflected the author's unique feminist thoughts.It showed that black women could achieve their own values on the basis of maintaining their integrity. The interpretation of The Color Purple feminist perspective was still the mainstream, and the interpretation of the perspective became finer. Such as Wang Pei ”s(2012) The color of postmodernism feminism in The Purple Color, praised the establishment of female subject consciousness, emphasized the importance of unity among women in the growth of women, advocated harmonious and equal sexual relationship. Eco feminist perspective in the construction of female subjectivity was written by Li Zhuo and Chen Xu(2015). The text of the novel from the perspective of eco feminism reflected the construction of black female identity, and the black women characters awakening and struggling in the patriarchal shackles. A searing Journey: Celie in Alice Walker#8217;s The Color Purple was written by Nair,Divya(2014). The Color Purple is widely credited with founding a revolution in black women#8217;s studies. E.Kumar, Ph.D.Research Scholar amp; Dr.mummachi,Ph.D.(2014)pointed that Alice Walker who cointed the term ”womanism#8217; a form of black feminism that affricateds and prefers women#8217;s cuture,women#8217;s flexibility and women#8217;s strength in Oppression and Exploitation, Feminization in Alice Walker#8217;s Works.

1.3 the theory on subjectivity

Female subject consciousness refers to women of their own social relations, subjective status of family life, subjective value consciousness. It is willingly and creatively of women act in the real life. Female subjective consciousness is the consciousness of women's position, function and value in the objective world. Specifically, the female is conscious and able to fulfill its historical mission and social responsibility, life obligations, and consciously know their own characteristics to affirm and realize their needs and values. The female subjective consciousness is the foundation of the female's initiative and autonomy, and also the source of women's creativity. It is the starting point of women's recognition of their own value and the pursuit of rationality. During the female subjective consciousness, the emotion is the most active catalyst undoubtedly. This is because the woman's life range are restricted. Romance, marriage and family are all their life. When their emotion has conflicted with the objective world, It#8217;s time for them to violate social norms, beginning to awakening consciousness. This paper is from the standpoint of the female subjective, discussing poor black female Celie from identifying patriarchal social culture to the female consciousness, and ultimately to having a independent and unconstrained life.