1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. introduction

1.1 research background

thomas hardy (1840-1928) was a famous english critical novelist in the late 19th century and a victorian realist in the tradition of george eliot. hardy#8217;s works are representative of the naturalist movement, with several novels displaying romantic and neoclassical elements. he was much better known for his novels during the lifetime, such as jude the obscure and tess of the d#8217;urbervilles, which earned him a reputation as a great novelist. by the time he wrote tess of the d#8217;urbervilles, hardy was past fifty and had well established in his storytelling craft. hardy was highly critical of much in victorian society and focused more on a declining rural society. the bulk of his novels explored tragic characters struggling against their passions and social circumstances.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1. research topic

this thesis aims to do a psychological analysis of tess of the d#8217;urbervilles by deeply studying the conflicts among the heroine-tess#8217;s id, ego and superego. under the framework of the theory on freud#8217;s triple structure of personality, the thesis will pick up the following three major scenes to present tess#8217;s inner heart conflicts：

1. what are the conflicts among tess#8217;s id, ego and superego when she was seduced by alec and lost her virginity in a dark night?