1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Literature Review The Philadelphia Inquirer wrote that it was a "compelling account of a horrendous episode that, until recently, has been largely forgotten", and that "animals do not behave the way the Japanese troops of the Imperial Army behaved." During the Nanjing massacre, the Japanese soldiers had no restrictions on the massacre, incineration, adultery and looting. In the process of making all kinds of atrocities in Nanjing, the Japanese army clearly showed the collective moral decay. Under the control of the collective psychology, their behavior becomes fierce and brutal. The Japanese moral performance in Nanjing during the Holocaust, is not accidental and temporary, but is resulted from the Japanese special national characteristics, traditional culture, especially the formation of long-term evolution.. David M. Kennedy, a Pulitzer Prize-winning professor of history at Stanford University, criticized Chang's accusation of "Western indifference" and "Japanese denial" of the massacre as "exaggerated", commenting that "the Western world in fact neither then nor later ignored the Rape of Nanking", "nor is Chang entirely correct that Japan has obstinately refused to acknowledge its wartime crimes, let alone express regret for them." Chang argues that Japan "remains to this day a renegade nation," having managed to avoid the moral judgment of the civilized world that the Germans were made to accept for their actions in this nightmare time." In fact, the handful of westerners who once risked their lives to help Chinese civilians chose to be silent about that history during the postwar period. Before Iris Chang killed herself, she said that when she researched the Nanjing massacre, she found that Chinese had servility. Some Chinese had an extremely evil psychology, which was rare in the nation in the world. Some people even hurt their compatriots just because their ruler changed. During the Nanking massacre, Chinese refugees bear the threat of genocide and famine. When faced with the dilemma of lacking food and the threat of death, they showed the complex psychology, and even some people weighed between food and morality

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Methods and Procedures of the Study In order to figure out the collective moral decay in The Rape of Nanking written by Iris Chang, first I have read the English version, as well as a Chinese version translated by Tan Chunxia and Jiao Guolin. Then, a more visualized method is utilized- watching the adopted movie for several times.I watched the movie Iris Chang: The Rape of Nanking directed by Anne Pick and Bill Spahic in 2008 for several times. The book describes The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II in detail and exposes the atrocities of the Japanese soldiers. The film shows the process of her writing，the huge changes of her life after writing the book, all kinds of difficulties she met and the book#8217;s influence in the world. I combine the book and the film and look up information on such literature to analyze collective moral decay during the Nanking massacre. In general, four main parts form the thesis. The first part will introduce the background information about Iris Chang and The Rape of Nanking . The second part contains literature review and the purpose of the study. The third part is the most important part, which focuses on the social condition of Nanking massacre, the analysis of collective moral decay and the attitudes towards wars and national memories of cruel wars. At last, the thesis will draw a conclusion about the collective moral decay in the war period and postwar period and evokes people's memories of the country's war history.