1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. Introduction 1.1 #160;Research background Pushing Hands is the first movie directed by Ang Lee. Born in Taiwan, he is one of the few scholar directors with years of movie-learning experience in the U.S. That background has endowed him a dual nature in his thoughts. For one thing, under the education of Chinese traditional culture, he has been deeply influenced by Confucianism; and for the other, he has also got a deep understanding of the western ideology and culture after years of education in the U.S. The concept and details of the movie are deprived from the life conditions when he was in that country. Perhaps only Ann Lee, who has accepted Chinese traditional culture and lived for a long time in America, can produce such a movie deeply based on real life. Admittedly, the two cultures, which have their own sources and carriers, will surely meet in collision. Many others who have almost the same background as Ang Lee are also paying attention to the collision and explore it in the way of movies. However, none of them can eclipse Ang Lee#8217;s, just because his analysis and understanding of the collision never only rest on the superficial dramatic conflicts; instead, he puts his attention further to the problems of Chinese traditional culture after deeply exploring the sources of the two cultures. That means he gives a subtle theme to each of his movies. An excellent movie director must be an excellent story teller. The story is vividly told in the movie. It is a story about a retired old man, the hero of the story, who came to America and planned to spend the rest of life with his son. He lived together with his son, foreign daughter-in-law and a mix-blood grandson. Thus collision began in the family. The old man, Mr. Zhu was a Tai chi master and crazy about Taoism. But in real life, he longed for a happy family of three generations under one roof. He wished for a happy remaining years by moving to the U.S. from Beijing, but he virtually lived in a long state of indifference and isolation, due to the different languages, thoughts and living habits. They couldn#8217;t understand each other, but had to adhere to the basic feudal ethics. The movie didn#8217;t adopt the general methods to process the collision, such as the language collision, but it expertly used the movie language to show the scenes. 1.2 Need for the study Cross-cultural communication is a newly-risen science for accommodating the environment of globalization. The inter-cultural communication has become more and more important with the process of globalization. Family value, as one of the fundamental parts in culture, reflects various cultural phenomena. To a certain extent, it can develop the empathy and eliminate the cultural centralism. With growth in the two countries#8217; economic strength, the cultural exchange between United States and China is also developing. The study of family values of two countries is a good way to cultivate people#8217;s awareness of bi-directional communication. In this sense, the study is particularly important. 2.Literature Review 2.1 Family Values 2.1.1 Definition of Family values Family values are the core in the research of cultural values, and it has a huge influence on people#8217;s thoughts and behaviors. It also influences the family decisions and family affairs. A family is defined as a social unit consisting of parents and the children they raise.#160; Value is defined as the quality or worth of a thing.#160; To combine the words together yields a definition of:#160; a traditional set of social standards defined by the family and a history of customs that provide the emotional and physical basis for raising a family.#160;#160;The social values are often reinforced by our spiritual or religious beliefs and traditions.#160; #160; Family values#8217; definition#160;consists of ideas passed down from generation to generation.#160; It boils down to the philosophy of how people want to live their family life.#160; 2.1 .2 Classification of family values In this paper, Family values can be divided into 4 parts: family space, family status, family education, and marriage values. Family space refers to the family members#8217; individual space in the family. In China, the individual life is tightly coupled with family life. The family is a public space. All of the family members should share the same space. However, American thinks highly of privacy. Every family member should respect other members#8217; individual space. Family status includes providing for the aged and family hierarchy. Generally speaking, family education refers to all the educating activities in the family. By the way of parents#8217; own words and deeds, they educate their children consciously or unconsciously. Marriage values are the family members#8217; concept of marriage. 2.2 Previous study on Pushing Hands Pushing Hands is a typical example of cross-culture movie. In recent years, many scholars analyze the cultural phenomena of Pushing hands from different aspects. As the major dimension of the differences between western and eastern values, individualism and collectivism is the focus in many scholars#8217; research of Pushing Hands. For example, Li Huafeng (2013) pointed out that the movie revealed the conflict between two different cultural values showing the conflicts between western individualism and Chinese collectivism in The Conflicts and Concordance of China and America in Pushing Hands. Besides, even though the individualism and collectivism are two different values, they are not completely opposite. Sun Jingyu and Dai Tingting (2015) stated that collectivism and individualism are two irreconcilable values, as long as the communicators can orientate the culture properly and try to know the culture difference, cross-cultural communication is not difficult. Besides, lots of scholars researched the root of the two cultures based on Pushing Hands. Some of them analyzed it from traditional culture. The filial piety has a long history in China and the children must be extremely filial towards their parents. However, Americans prefer to honor gods. Wan Min (2013) analyzed the conflicts from four aspects including value orientation, intergenerational relations, ethical support and their different core values based on the film in A Brief Analysis of ”Filial Piety” of China and West Based on Pushing Hands Wu Tong analyzed this movie from the aspect of paternity in his paper---- An Analysis of the Cultural Identity of the Father in Pushing Hands. Ang Lee's work, pushing hands, represents the conflicts between Chinese and Western culture and the plight of Chinese father's cultural identity. From the perspective of cultural anthropology, this paper examined the cultural conflict and cultural identity in the film. From a cross-cultural perspective, the paper analysis the different family values between China and America in Pushing Hands. it will be more specific and more comprehensive. 2.3 Significance Family values include various cultural phenomena. It reflects every country#8217;s traditional history and social cultural background. In the movie Pushing Hands, there are lot of scenes are worth analyzing. On the surface, the movie described an emotional disputes and conflicts in a family. Actually, it is a cultural conflict between two countries. Compared to the simplistic analysis of different family values, analysis from a movie is more specific and more distinguishable. Pushing Hands fully reflects the American and Chinese culture. Throughout the analysis of Pushing Hands, we can have a deeper understanding of the different family values between China and America. Works Cited Cui,Yong; Wang Yongren.[崔勇，王仁永]，自主和多元的和谐家庭观, 南华大学学报，2005（5）. Cheng, Mengting. [程梦婷], 从跨文化交际的角度分析电影《推手》中的文化冲突. 科技风，2015，（10）：246-247 D Tannen, The Pragmatics of Cross-Cultural Communication. Appiled Linguistics, 1984, (3):189-195. Davis. LDoing Culture, Cross-Cultural Communication in Action, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 2001: 187-217 Dueing, S.(ed.) The Cultural Studies Reader. London: Routledge,1993. Fan, Yao. 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An Introduction, London and New York: Routledge,1996 Wang, Mengmeng.[王蒙蒙]，浅析中美家庭文化差异，青春岁月，2013（13）：420-421. Wang, Dan; Zhang Huahua. [王丹；张骅骅]，浅谈中美家庭教育观念之异同，当代学前教育，2007，（5）：42-44 Wang, Xiaoqin; Li, Xueyou. [王晓昑；李学友]，传统文化与道德建设. 贵阳：贵州出版社，2004. Williams, R. Culture and Society. Harmondsworth; Penguin, 1963. Yang, Yining. [杨一宁]，浅谈中美饮食文化的差异与联系，2014，（5）：77-80. Yang, Zhihuang.[杨志华]，文化价值观视野中的中美家庭教育比较，全球教育展望，2007，36(s1): 15-17. Yu, Longyu.[郁龙余]，中西文化异同论.北京：三联书店出版社, 2000. Yang Shi-sheng; Zhang Yu-xian. The Research of the Differences Between Chinese and Western Diet Cultures. Cross-cultural Communication, 2010, (2) :75. Zhang,Changlong.[张长龙]，当代中美核心价值观教育比较之启示，学术论坛，2008，31(9):88-92. Z Xie. China English: interference variety in Cross-culture Communication. Modern foreign Languages, 19951.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1.Research Topic This paper will compare and analyze the differences of family values between America and China based on Pushing Hands from 4 parts. It includes family space, family status, family education and the marriage views. 1. What are the differences between Chinese and American family space in Pushing Hands? And why? 2. What are the differences between Chinese and American family status in Pushing Hands? And why? 3. What are the differences between Chinese and American family education in Pushing Hands? And why? 4. What are the differences between Chinese and American marriage views in Pushing Hands? And why? 2. Research Methods Literature Research: This study attempts to use the library, reference room, network and other ways to collect and compare the differences between China and the United States family.