1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

An Analysis of the Creature#8217;s Rebellious Spirit in Frankenstein from Freud#8217;s Theory of Personality Structure 《从弗洛伊德人格结构理论分析《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物的反叛精神》 Introduction Mary Shelley was one of the most distinguished female writers in the history of British literature. She was an outstanding English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer in the 19th century. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was a well-known feminist, educator and writer. And her father, William Godwin, was a political philosopher and atheist. Mary Shelley was the second wife of the great romantic poet and philosopher, Percy Bysshe Shelley. She edited and promoted many works for his husband, which contributed to Shelley#8217;s establishment of his status in English literature. All the mentioned above exerted positive influence on Mary#8217;s growth in writing. Mary created lots of novels and was honored as a pretty respectable romantic novelist in English literature. Besides, she also wrote about travelling, story and potetry. Her remarkable works include Frankenstein, Manthilda, Valperga, The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck and the Last Man. Frankenstein was the first work of Mary and it has caused immediate social opinion and great disputes in the science field since it was published. Brain Aldiss has argued that it should be considered the first true science fiction, which inspires readings from different perspective s like Feminism, narrative structure, Ecologism, tragic study, prototype interpretation, Romanticism, Realism, Gothicism, quest for identity, multi-form personality, theme study and so forth. Different people have different views on this novel and they have their respective rationality. Undoubtedly, a great work has huge spaces of studies. In Freud#8217;s theory, the id refers to the internal world of human beings. And ego is essentially the representative of the external world (of reality). The superego is discussed in terms of modifications effected in the ego during development. Based on the basic definition of this theory, a lot of researchers summarize and develop it. As a member of them, Sun Shuqiao (2010) conducted a study on personality theory of Freud. He believed Freud#8217;s personality theory which consists of id, ego, superego and three system components, was of great value to the study of human beings. In his research, driven by instinct, id seeks immediate pleasure and gratification regardless of moral principles, such as sex. Different from id, ego follows reality principle which means it is govern by the external environment. Superego is the ideal of ego for perfection. In other words, it accommodates ego to traditional cultures, moral principle, values and social norms. In conclusion, id, ego and superego follow three different principles; pleasure principle, reality principle and ideal principle. Literature review Frankenstein is undoubtedly considered as one of the best gothic novels from its immediate publication to today. It draws great attention from critics and ordinary readers. After it was published in 1818, Frankenstein has been widely read and analyzed from different perspectives such as Feminism, ecological study, narrative form, Roanticism, Gothicism, quest for identity, prototype interpretation and so on both at home and abroad. At home, there are considerable reading about this novel. Yi Jingyuan wrote a paper entitled ”On Ecological Ethics of Frankenstein,” which explores the causes of Frankenstein#8217;s tragedy so a to reveal th eauthor#8217;s criticism on human#8217;s bugly thirst for knowledge and illuminate his projection on establishing a harmonious relationship between human and nature. The thesis ”The Path to Self-Idetity in Frankenstein” delivered by Huo Xiaoshan mainly discusses both Frankenstein and the monster#8217;s quest for identity. Huo analyzes the image-shapeing in the novel and reveals its warning significance on the society. Li Qiurong attempts to read this novel from psychological perspective and entitled her thesis as ”The Reflection of Frankenstein#8217;s Multiform Personality in Frankenstein.” li tries to explore Frankenstein#8217;s inner world through analyzing his multiform personalities. Moreover, Feminism is another frequently-adopted perspective to interpret this classic novel. The thesis ”Ecofeminism in Frankenstein” by Zheng Zheng is a typical example of this. Zheng observes that the monster, nature and women in this novel are all the sacrifices of patriarchal society and they are subdued as well as margined. Man#8217;s desires are expanding unceasingly, while on the contrary women and the nature are negated over and over again. The monster#8217;s rebellion in the novel inspires human to re-examine the relationship between human and nature as well as men and women. Besides these readings mentioned above, there are still a good many analyzes of this novel from a variety of perspectives like prototype interpretation, theme exploration, realism, the image of ”fire” and so forth. At abroad, Frankenstein has also been appreciaed by readers for long. In 1983, Devon Hodges carried out an analysis of this science fiction from the perspective of Feminism and wrote a paper entitled ”Frankenstein and the Feminism Subversion of the Novel” in the book Tulsa Studies in Women#8217;s Literature. In a word, experts and researchers have studied Frankenstein from a wide range of perspectives. This is not to say, there is no room for further study of the novel. Different from the perspectives mentioned above, the present thesis, based on the ”theory of personality structure” proposed by Sigmund Freud, is devoted to testifying the monster#8217;s rebellious spirit with each kinds of his manifestations in this novel.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Methodology In this thesis, the following questions will be investigated and the thesis will be structured in accordance with these questions. To make sure of the consistency and reasonable logic order of the it. 1. Why does the monster rebel and how does he rebel? 2. Is the environment around the monster related to his rebellious spirit? 3. How does Freud#8217;s personality explain the monster#8217;s personality and behavior caused by? Organization of the Thesis Chapter one makes an introduction of the whole thesis generally. The introduction briefly gives an overview of Frankenstein and its general critical responses, the purpose and Significance. Chapter two is the literature review of Frankenstein. Previous Studies on Mary Shelley#8217;s Frankenstein are illustrated in this paper. Former research methods of the interpretation of Mary Shelley#8217;s Frankenstein include: Structuralism interpretation, Reception#8212;aesthetics criticism interpretation, Feminist perspective interpretation and Radical Aesthetic interpretation. In chapter three, research methodology adopted in this study is introduced. The relevant theories of Personality Structure covering the formation and the main representation and practice of the theory are being explained. What#8217;s to be mentioned here is that the theory of Personality Structure which is divided into id, ego and superego need to be explained in great detail in order to seize the centre of this thesis. Chapter four concentrates on the analysis and discussion of the Personality Structure in tracing the root of the monster#8217;s rebellion in Frankenstein. By analyzing the relationships between environment and the monster, the causes of the monster#8217;s rebellion and the aims of this study can be found and explained precisely. The last Chapter is the conclusion of the thesis, implication and limitations of the study are presented before and the meanings of analyzing this book from the perspective of Personality Structure and the effects it brings to the later researchers. Conclusion In this novel Frankenstein, at the very beginning, the monster was kind-hearted and helpful. However, under the effect of environment, culture and society around him, he started to rebel his creator Frankenstein and society. The monster became a devil, yet he still had conscience. There are mainly two causes which lead to the monster#8217;s rebellious spirit: the monster;s ugly face and raw deal from other people around him. According to the theory of Personality Structure, the development of the monster#8217;s personality can be expressed distinctly. The oppression from society will lead to the rebellion to the society of the lower class.