1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

literature of symbolism is a literary genre originated in the middle of the 19th century in france, and spread to europe and the united states in the early 20th century, which is the embodiment of symbolism in literature. as to its characteristics, it attaches importance to describe individual phantom and inner feelings in the subject, and rarely involves capacious social subjects. besides, it negates vague rhetoric and blunt preaching, and emphasizes the creation with textured image and and method with insinuation, foil, contrast, and association.in regard to the artistic features. first of all, its essential feature is philosophy, namely is to express some philosophies and notions. secondly, the basic means of expression is symbolism. it means that towards some external things, people should analyze the side that is implied instead of the surface phenomenon.symbolism consists of two factors, one is the "meaning", the other is the performance of the "meaning". the former layer can be understood as external perceptual existence, and the latter layer is some kind of carriers of the external perceptual existence. third, the image feature is absurdity. it has two meanings, one refers to the absurdity of image and form, another refers to the absurdity in life. finally, its aesthetic characteristic is exploration. readers hope to be able to understand the meaning and philosophy that are contained in the work, which is similar to guessing riddles. and the process of the readers' thought and exploration just turns into the process of constantly exploring and solving of aesthetic appreciation.
lord of the flies is an important philosophical novel, which represents a story took place in the imaginary world war iii. it depicts that a group of children aged 6 to 12 were trapped on a desert island in the course of the retreat in the war due to the aircraft accident from which triggered a series of activities took place later. at the beginning, they could get along well with each other, while later with the expansion of the evil nature, they divided into different classes and set out killing each other, which led to the tragic ending. obviously children are the protagonists of the story, nevertheless, lord of the flies is not a general children's literature, but a book written for adults. actually the children's world which was shown in this story is exactly a microcosm of the adults'.

lord of the flies is an allegorical novel, from which the characters, scenes, stories, images are all of complicated and profound symbolism, which deeply discussed the theme-human nature. and the application of symbolism does play the bridging effect of virtuality and reality. golding uses the symbolism and irony in the description of the characters and the objects in their surroundings. and this novel urges humankind to think thoroughly: why human civilization seems so futile and fragile in front of desire and brutality. investigate the factors, the two world wars not only led to material damage, but also brought psychic trauma to human beings. in lord of the flies, we can see the children lost themselves slowly, and returned to origins. firstly, the chaotic state provided a profound background of this process, secondly, the internal cause was the darkness of human's heart which refers to the psychological isolation and inexplicable fear.the social order which was relatively complete has been worn out, just then the signs of civilization also disappeared gradually, and there came the fear of isolation in everyone's inner heart, with which they moved towards complete losing of self nature. facing the inexplicable fear, the children had tried to use a variety of defenses against it, but the result was in vain.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

research program:

lord of the flies is an allegorical novel of deep symbolism, and also an important philosophical novel which ends with tragedy because of the expansion of the evil nature. on balance, lord of the flies is not a general children's literature, but a book written for adults. actually the children's world which was shown in this story is exactly a microcosm of the adults’. accordingly the essential aim of this novel is actually to explore a serious topic--the evil of human nature, through the innocence of children. therefore, this paper aims to analyze the symbolism and irony to explore the human nature through the artistic features--symbolism and irony, finally get the point on the evil in soul and mind of human nature.

golding often uses the symbol image to express his understanding of social relations. so this paper will analyze its symbolic images. lord in this novel is the king of dirty affairs, and the synonym of the ugly personality. it is not only a symbol of the ugly pig’s head, more representatively is the deepest darkness of human nature--the innate badness in the secrecy of one’s own heart which can not be avoided.

3. 研究计划与安排

before 26th, December: settlement of the title
before 25th, February: submission of the outline
before 25th, April: submission of the first draft
before 24th, May: revision of the draft
before 30th May: submission of the final paper

4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

[1]刘美改. 《蝇王》中的反讽艺术[d].内蒙古大学,2008

[2]陆明雪. 威廉·戈尔丁《蝇王》的文体特征[d].曲阜师范大学,2014

[3]缪昌义. 人性的探索[d].西南师范大学,2004