1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

mark twain, the father of modern american literature, is an outstanding representative of american writers of realism in the nineteenth century. at the peak of his career, mark twain contributes his masterpiece the adventures of huckleberry finn to american literature. however, from its publication onward, this book has faced a great deal of controversy. on one hand, some readers objected to the strong and sometimes racist language, what`s worse, it had ever been banned by many public libraries for the criticism of a systematic use of bad grammar and an employment of inelegant expressions. on the other hand, a large number of reputed writers regard it as a milestone of american literature for its marvelous thought, and most educators think given a proper context the book is a great read. in sum, these debates arouse due, among other reasons, to its representation of the missouri african-american dialect.

ernest hemingway once said, “all modern american literature comes from one book by mark twain called huckleberry finn. all american writing comes from that. there was nothing before. there has been nothing as good since.” so far, the further researches towards the book conducted by literary scholars at abroad mainly analyze its linguistic features, freedom-seeking, racism, morality of protagonist, and so on. and as the strengthen of cultural communication, this book has already been popular in china as soon as circulating on the domestic literary arena. with different translate visions came up, the discussion towards this book is springing up. works and articles of language characteristics on this novel have been numerous; yet most of those are on the humor writing style, characteristics of local culture or the contrast technique, thus leaving other areas of research not fully studied, such as the dialect style involved in the novel, on which the exactly biggest challenge for the translating work lies. this paper will study on usage of american dialect, which is one of the distinct language characteristics in the book and contributes to the modern american literature style by shaking off the rule of inflexible wording. furthermore, with the development of social and culture, the culture distinctiveness such as dialect gains more and more concerns and plays a more important role in protecting cultural diversity than ever before. this paper, based on the definition and characteristic of dialect, is intended to discover the usage of dialect in the well-known book, exploring its features, expressions, factors, intentions, and trying to find out the effects of using such an unique technique for shaping the modern american literature.

it is true that the dialect language is rarely used before mark twain, while it is such vulgar language that draws the novel to the list of great american novels. therefore, there is no doubt that such a study will benefit for students who have affection on this book to get a clearer understanding of dialect and the cultural background at that time. meanwhile, this paper will help the linguists to set relation with the two fields of literature and dialect and good for the translators to finish their projects explicitly and expressively .

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

This paper will be composed of four parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of dialect including some basic information of its development, as well as a conclusion of this book for helping readers to retrospect the whole story and to feel that you are there and enjoy the background at that time. Then, this paper will explore the features of Mark Twain`s American dialect in this book, including its compose, background, expression and effect. Furthermore, as the usage of dialect in the book can be regarded as a revolution in the history of American literature, even in the world literature, it is valuable to delve into the reasons that contribute to Mark Twain`s writing from the perspectives of the social background, the cultural enlightenment and his own individual factors. Last but not least, the influence on American and a further effect on the world will be concluded not only in the field of literature such as translation and linguistic, but also in social, politics and other aspects of culture.

With the aim of figure out this kind of dialect as clear as the author can, different search measures will be used. Apart from the information search of linguist and sociology, the author will also apply to the technique of case analyze for providing the needed professional knowledge of dialect. As for the exploration parts, they will be accomplished by analysis of the book and related historical records and materials.

3. 研究计划与安排

before 26th, December: settlement of the title
before 25th, February: submission of the outline
before 25th, April: submission of the first draft
before 24th, May: revision of the draft

before 30th, May: submission of the final paper

4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

[1]ding min. vernacular tradition from mark twain to j.d. salinger and to amy tan. nanjing normal university, 2004.

[2]huang bing. an analysis of the black english in the adventures of huckleberry finn. literatures. 2012

[3]li jiaxian. the language styles in the adventures of huckleberry finn. overseas english, 2012.