1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

frances tisdale stone has said in his dissertation william golding: a pessimistic moralist-a study of his novels, that william golding is caught in the ineluctable paradox between pessimism and morality. the reason why stone put forward this contradictory but understandable sentence is that golding perceives man is selfish, willful and egocentric. but at the same time golding firmly believes, if forced to see into himself, man is possible to have a change in his behavior. this point could be found in golding’s well-known masterpiece lord of the flies. in this novel, golding tries his best to demonstrate the dark side of human nature via describing the merciless behaviors of a group of children on a desert island. of course golding not merely wants to wake up those people who are blindly optimistic about human nature; he wants to take a step further. for golding, he aims to seek feasible ways to reawaken human’s moral responsibility and even control people’s wicked behaviors when morality is away. from his writing, we can make a supposition that golding implies these ways may be related to education. another quite interesting finding is that the absence of woman in the novel may suggest that woman’s existence is significant to curb the evil nature of human.

generally speaking, numerous professors and scholars have done researches on the novel lord of the flies for years and have created a great deal of valuable documents for us. among them, some concentrate on the aspect of the darkness of human’s heart and religious redemption. for example, afaf ahmed hasan al-saidi from aden university in yemen studied this aspect and finished his paper savagery and the heart of darkness in william golding’s lord of the flies studies in literature and language, 2012,vol.4(1),pp.129-134. some studies focus on how the characters’ destructive behaviors influence the environment of the desert island. for instance, vanina carrara sigrist studied this aspect on his work biopolitical discharges in a literature of megalomaniacs. some experts even studies on the subject of chemistry and biography in connection with this topic. for example, john r skoyles, is a neuroscientist and evolutionary psychologist, emphasize the study on how brain or other parts of the body influence humanity. he wrote this in his article why our brains cherish humanity: mioor neurons and colamus humanitatem. to sum up, most of the researchers prefer to do provenance research, genre study, prototype research or thematic research from the direction of symbolism, feminism and carl jung's collective unconsciousness to study the profound meaning of lord of the flies.

with the advent of the socialistic market economic society, endless troublesome matters have arisen. fraud cases happen frequently, defective products can be seen everywhere. what’s more, the prevalence of food insecurity has greatly impacted public health, which the whole society could not afford to ignore. the crime rate is increasing sharply, and the criminals nowadays tend to choose much crueler means to commit crime. all the above phenomena have demonstrated the degradation and loss of morality or even humanity. people’s insatiable desires for financial interests have led to such disgraceful actions at the costs of others’ health and safety. those people are merciless and indifferent to the so-called ethics or moral standards. however, as rome wasn't built in a day, morality, or to say a step further, humanity does not disappear in a day; it has a gradual process. the study on lord of the flies is significant to reality for golding does not hold expectation for human nature. a clue that golding gives us in the novel is that something must be done to curb the uncontrolled humanity. this point would be discussed in my paper later. to conclude, it is very likely that the more prosperous the economy would be, the harder one’s heart would become; thus it is necessary for us to pay close attention to the study of humanity. william golding’s lord of the flies would be a good choice.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

Lord of the Flies is an outstanding novel which depicts the dark side of the human nature. The paper mainly consists of three parts. After a brief introduction to the main plot of Lord of the Flies, the paper focuses on the manifestation of the gradual degradation of human nature, including symbols and major events standing for the deprive of civilization and arrival of savagery. The last part of this paper comes to the analysis of factors contributing to the loss of humanity. What’s more, this paper would also refer to several methods in connection with the social issues under the background of socialistic market economic society via the study on William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. This paper aims to explore the degradation of humanity and discusses the effects it would bring, hoping to find feasible ways to solve this problem. The fulfillment of this paper mostly relies on the method of thesis study. By acquiring information related to Lord of Flies and moral issues, the paper will be stated in a comprehensive and realistic way.

3. 研究计划与安排

before 28^th, feb settlement of the title

before 10^th, mar submission of the outline

before 20 ^th, april submission of the first draft

4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

[1]lv yahui. stray soul-a psychoanalysis of the reasons of children’s murder in lord of the flies [j].english square, 2012(10):34-38.

[2]wang jing, yang xue, liu wenjing, wang xueying. an analysis of hysterical hallucination of simon in lord of the flies[j]. overseas english, 2012(9):231-232.

[3] zheng hongling.the evil of human nature in lord of the flies[j]. science amp; technology information, 2012(24):170-171.