论文总字数：21982字

摘 要

街舞不像其他外来文化，它被引进中国时间比较晚。尽管在中国发展不久，它却获得了巨大成功。然而街舞术语的汉译却不尽如人意，这严重影响了人们对街舞文化的认知。

本文分析了当前街舞术语汉译的一些特点，如很多术语没有官方翻译，有的甚至没有翻译，有大量错误翻译，还有一些不断在变化的翻译。因为街舞文化本身在国内发展的就是不太成熟，所以会有这么一些在翻译术语过程中出现的一些特点。针对这些特点，本文归纳了常见的翻译方法，包括音译，直译，和意译，以期对规范街舞术语汉译提供参考。

关键词：街舞术语汉译的特点 翻译方法 问题

1. Introduction

1.1 Origin of Hip-Hop and development in China

Hip-Hop will and can make a name for itself. Hip-Hop originated in the BRONX hood in New York in 1970s. BRONX is black people’s hood. That’s why Hip-Hop makes a hit in black people’s culture. Back in the day, black guys can not join the party , because only white guys can throw a party , which refers to the racial discrimination . One day, a guy named Cool Hert said to his friends : Let’s have a party, just at home, no white guys, just neighborhoods. So many black guys have a party in a house, and Hert found people will not dance in the music time, they only dance in the break time when there is no lyrics in the music. He decided to take two radios, in this way, people can have more break time to dance. And that’s how DJ starts. And there is another man, who is on the microphone,shouting “everybody move your body” And that’s how MC starts. The people who dance in the break time, they are break men. That’s how BBoy starts. And another elements of Hip-Hop is graffiti. And that’s Hip-Hop about in the early time. Later on, we get so many branches, like Beatbox, Skateboard, Street dance...

With the exchange of culture, Hip-Hop appears right before our eyes in China about 1980s. A Movie “Break Dance” catches all the Chinese people’ attention.People at that time don’t even know what is Hip-Hop,what is street dance. All the dance moves have the same name: Break Dance. That’s really funny. But now, we have a clear clarification for Hip-Hop. We know exactly the branches of Hip-Hop. I can easily take an example to explain that the major actor Shabba-Doo’ Quinones once came to Nanjing to give a showcase and lesson for us. It’s amazing to see our father’s ‘idol to teach us dance. I have to say that, Shabba’s dance is locking. Locking is another type of dance, back in the day, all the dance is break dance, but now, it’s not. That’s the charm of Hip-Hop, also the exchange of culture. In China, we have many items for the development of Hip-Hop every year, every month, every week. Let’s take Nanjing for example, every May day we get a world-class activity named Red Bull Up Tempo. That’s a game for the students. It’s been six years before it became a world famous game. The creator will invite the real OG dancers for the judge, because they are the living culture maker. They are the authority. Every one is making contributions to the culture exchange.

Meanwhile, Hip-Hop terminology became famous in China.The terminology helps people know more about Hip-Hop. But, we should not only know the terminology, but also know why the Hip-Hop terminology exists. .

Pop king Micheal Jackson once said: “Who can change the world? Not war, but dance”.Dance is the most useful tool to connect the world culture. It’s all about peace, love, unity and respect. It’ s the purest thing in the world. We dance, we are happy. Hip-Hop is culture, which contains the value, belief, etc. The Hip-hop terminology is a reflect of this.

1.2 Features of Hip-Hop terminology translation

The translation of Hip-Hop is a little bit complicated, because there is no official version. People translate it according to their moods. Which translation is easily remembered, they choose the version. People do it causally, like we dance causally.

Some terminology has no translations, Hip-Hop itself is such a free thing, we can’t give a name for some terminology.

There is a huge number of false translation, because there is no proper or the only answer for this.

Hip-Hop terminology is changeable and variable. Anyway, Hip-Hop means free. We don’t like the rules or regulations.

1. Literature review

2.1 Previous studies of culture exchange

American history starts in 1607 when the British colonist went to America and begun to settle there from Zhang Kuiwu SURVEY OF BRITAIN amp; AMERICA. This decided the short history of USA, and that’s also the early time of black men’s history.

Black men suffers a lot. Gale in his book Black Aesthetic points out that the only way to change the fate of the black is to have a material life to get more food, water, goods, which decides the situation of black culture nowadays. The Hip-Hop singer or dancer’s only dream is to get rich, or make the cash rain.Because they really suffers a lot for many generations

Also,Richard Wright’s book Blueprints of Black Creation is to express the the dream and difficulties of the middle-class. Not only the grass root, but also the middle-class, every class suffers. Because the black men are always discriminated. It’s really unfair for them.

In another word, black culture is not always good, as well as the Hip-Hop culture. In China, we have an old saying “Reject the dross and assimilate the essence”from Lu Xun’s work 《拿来主义》. Hip-Hop culture refers to the drug, sex, guns and gangs. That’s not supposed to learn for the young generation. We should not forget the root of Chinese. 《老子》chapter 25, If we want to be stronger, we should not make ourselves lost.

So we should have a proper attitude to Hip-Hop to get the energy from it. We should not forget the principles of Hip-Hop, “Peace”, “Love”, “Unity”

2.1 Previous studies of Chinese translation of Hip-Hop terminology

Hip-Hop is not originated from China, many scholars never stops studying this。

Many people are promoting the culture. AFRIKA BAMBAATAA is one of these people.

He once studied the terminology. We get the name Hip-Hop. Because when your hip hops, you get your groove. That’s Hip-Hop. That’s the original meaning.

Edwin Gentzler once put in his Contemporary Translation Theory 2013, translation is a marginal activity, not considered as the proper study in university. Sometimes, we can’t give one thing a proper translation.That’s quite right in Hip-Hop, because until now, we still can’t give a proper name of Hip-Hop. Hip-Hop sounds like “嘻哈”, but it’s a damn stupid translation. Because you dance, you get tired, you breathe like嘻.....哈......There is even no agreed translation of the terminology Hip-Hop. Besides, like the popping, people call it”机械舞”,It’s a fucking damn wrong translation, because popping includes the robot dance. So why does many people and even official newspapers or magazines use the wrong translation. The answer is quite obvious, there is no official translation of this Hip-Hop terminology.

Roman Jakboson’s book On Linguistic Aspects of Translation (2012) talks about inter-lingual translation which means using one language to interprets another language. For example, we use Chinese to translate American language. In breaking dance, we get a terminology “Windmill” and the translation is “风车”. That’s the connection between Chinese and English.

A famous Internet Application “BBoy JAM” raises many terminology, like 1990s, 2000s in 2015, 3^rd of March. We can not give a proper translation to that. Actually, the 1990s and 2000s moves are just named by the time they are created. The 1990s means spinning with one hand. 2000s means spinning with two hands. So the translation is “单手转”“双手转”.That reflects how hard how causal the translation of Hip-Hop terminology is.

Mr Evo and B boy Danny from Caster Crew once said in the “Caster Public Showcase” in 2014 : “Hip-Hop terminology has many characteristics In China, which is quite different from other countries. ” Because culture and belief are big factors effecting the translation. They are the representation of Hip-Hop in China and real old generation in China. One from Electric Boogaloo, another one is from Zulu King Nation. The best Hip-Hop crew in the world.

Herbert Haag. Research in “Sport Pedagogy”—One Field of Theoretical Study in the Science of Sport[J]. International Review of Education.1989(1). Sports did has some similarities with Hip-Hop, because they are all motions needed. Actually, sports translation is quite standard than Hip-Hop, anyway sports is more popular than Hip-Hop in the world.

Yang Fang,Translation of Sports terminology and culture exchange [J],sports culture magazine, 2004(05): 47-48. Culture exchange did effect the translation. In Hip-Hop terminology, we get a noun “Flare”, the translation is Thomas. Because the move is quite similar to sports move Thomas. That’s how we get the translation of “Flare”.

1. Features of Hip-Hop Terminology Translation

3.1 No official translation

Actually, there is official translation of Hip-Hop terminology. Let’s take this for example. Break dance means the dance moves we make in the music break time. In China, people translate it to “霹雳舞”,which means break equals to “霹雳”. Shabba once said break dance is break dance, there is no proper translation. That’s not proper, because it obeys the original meaning. But we can’t give it a proper translation. So people use the irregular version for such a long time until now.

Animation is a famous and amazing action in popping dance. Usually we translate it into “动画”, but it’s wrong in popping dance. In popping dance, animation means imitating the moves of characters in animation movies. That’s why we got the the name animation. It’s really hard to give a proper name in popping dance.

3.2 No translation for some terminology

Also, some terminology even has no translations. For me, popping is quite a familiar dance move ，because I can do this well. But there’s no Chinese translation for popping. It’s really hard to name it. The popping creator one day was boring and he did some moves, with his mouth making the noise “pop”,”pop”. That’s how the dance starts.In China, people call it “机械舞”，because people who do the moves are quite like a robot. Actually robot dance is just one kind of popping dance. Popin’ pete from electric boogaloo, the world famous crew once said:”popping is not just robot dance , that’s wrong”. However, we can’t change the situation, because we really can’t figure it out how to translate popping.

Timing is another example.Timing is really hard to explain. Timing means changing time to catch the beats. Not always to catch the beats, skip some beats and catch another beats. That’s really hard to illustrate, of course, we can not give it a proper translation. You firstly have to understand popping dance, after that, when your dance gets into a high level, you can understand what’s timing and how important timing is in popping dance. So there is no translation for this terminology.

In bboy culture, we have the move “freeze”. Which means after finishing a move, you are going to stop, freezing your move in the air. If you can do this well, that demonstrates your high-level skills. But we can’t find a suitable translation for that, everyone know this word, we just can’t give a proper translation. That’s really embarrassing.

3.3 False translation for some terminology

In most of our minds, break dance means street dance. They think breaking, or B-boy is street dance. All the moves b-boy or b-girl do are breaking, not street dance. Breaking can not be translated into”街舞”，breaking is just another type of street dance. Street dance includes popping, locking, breaking, house, waccking, etc. So we call breaking “街舞”， that’s quite stupid.

In popping dance, one technique is Waving, many people will translate it into 波浪,actually it’s a wrong translation. We should translate it according to the meaning of this skill. Waving is a high-level skill, we translate it into 电流， which means your body moving like the electricity flowing through your body. So we translate it into “电流”not “波浪”.Because”波浪” can’t not exactly express the content of this word.

3.4 Changing terminology translation

About several years ago, people call pop “震动”，because when you do pop, all the muscle tremble. People call it “震动”. However, nowadays, we don’t use “震动”， because it’s kind of low. I mean it’s out of fashion. We just call it “pop”. We do big “pop”, small “pop”. So Hip-Hop terminology changes every time Another example is rolling, before we call it “转圈”, it’s quite silly to say that. It’s too old school. We just call it “rolling”or “roll”. Sometime, we will make fun of our bros, hey, dude, don’t roll yourself, you gonna do a rolling for us. That’s how Hip-Hop terminology changes all the time, that’s also the features of Hip-Hop terminology.

4. Proposed Translation Methods Based on above Analysis

4.1 Transliteration

Transliteration means translating words through the pronunciation of the terminology. Like, sofa 沙发，coffee 咖啡，lemon 柠檬,etc.

We can see many examples, funk is the typical one. We translate it into “放克”， but who know exactly what “放克”means. No one knows. Funk means stopping beats in the music. The key point is stop, with a sudden. It’s a kind of music or dance. We have funky music. One of these funk master is James Brown---the father of funk. He created so much funk music. He is also the father of soul. Another man I have to refer is Michael Jackson. He is also the represent of funk music. The funky dance includes locking, popping. The type of dance is decided by the type of music. Because there are to many elements in funk , like soul, blues, drum, bass,etc. We can’t not give it a proper translation, we just translate it through its pronunciation.

I have to say that Chinese people are quite clever. In breaking, a famous move is air flare, it’s also hard to give a proper translation. The move is like spinning on the floor which is like Thomas in genetics. Chinese people give it a cute name “爱飞”,which sounds really close to air flare. That’s the Chinese characteristics of Hip-Hop terminology.

4.2 Literal translation

Literal translation is to keep the content and form of the terminology, we use proper way to translate words, making it easily understood.

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