慕课背景下英语教学模式的机遇与挑战——以中学英语语音教学为例外文翻译资料
2022-11-15 16:11:32
文献翻译原文
Excerpt from 'Analyzing MOOCs from an educational perspective in Spain ', the article was published in the 13th issue of International Journal of Higher Education Technology in 2016. This article is the result of a Teaching Innovation Project funded by the University of Cantabriarsquo;s Vice-Rectorate for Teaching Staff. Its goals are to analyze the phenomenon of MOOCs with pedagogical criteria and to develop a best practice guide.
The excerpt is from Object of study and research methodology to Discussion of the results and prospects.
Object of study and research methodology
Our research project was organized around two main objectives: 1) Promoting awareness of MOOCs and analyzing it within the context of some educational degree programmes and 2) Using this preliminary analysis and developing it with the aim of establishing a MOOC Best Practice Guide.
The project was developed collaboratively between the Universities of Cantabria and Oviedo and took place over one year (July 2014-July 2015). The research team consisted of a range of 15 professionals. Although the project was developed in the two locations mentioned above and divided into three phases, in this paper we will focus on the results of the second phase at the University of Cantabria.
The pedagogical analysis of these courses, which dealt with subjects related to education, was linked to a classroom activity that was developed with varying degrees of depth in a number of subjects within different degrees courses at the Universities of Cantabria and Oviedo. The objective was to update these courses and improve university teaching. It was considered, on the one hand, that young people should know about and analyze MOOCs and, on the other hand, the process of accompanying, using a qualitative methodology during the implementation and assessment of the activity could help us to improve our teaching. The analysis carried out in the classroom and the process of forward planning and assessment was used to help us develop a MOOC Best Practice Guide, a task that was addressed in the final phase of the project.
Project phases
The project was developed in three phases, as summarized in Table 1 below.
Methodological aspects of Phase 2: Analysis of MOOCs
The group classroom activity was developed in this phase. It consisted in analyzing educational/pedagogical subjects in MOOCs that were being developed in Spanish based on an analysis template designed by the research team.
Three official degrees were involved in the project at the University of Cantabria. In the bachelorrsquo;s degree in Teaching programmes (Pre-school and Primary Education), we carried out work on a subject called “Curriculum, Society and Teaching Teams” (second year). On the masterrsquo;s degree course called Research and Innovation in Educational Contexts, our research focused on two subjects (“Educational Technology and Digital Competence” and “New Forms of Communication, Learning and Assessment in the Knowledge Society”), both of which formed part of the same module called “Using ICT: Innovation and Research in Education”. At the University of Oviedo, research was carried out within the bachelorrsquo;s degree in Pedagogy programme on the subjects “Analysis of Methods and Materials for Education and Training” (third year) and “Virtual Environments for Education and Training” (fourth year).
The first part of the activity was dedicated to explaining this phenomenon, in which the emergence of MOOCs, what they consist of and the impact they are having worldwide was discussed. Subsequently, group work was developed where students analyzed the pedagogical aspects of MOOCs in Spanish. Students were provided with a list of 18 platforms so that they could enter them and choose those subjects they were interested in. Each MOOC was reviewed using an analysis template developed ad hoc and divided into the following sections:
- General aspects. Course name, organization responsible, duration, etc.
- Definition and type of MOOC. Student limitations, level of openness, etc.
- Formal aspects. Design, accessibility level, etc.
- Pedagogical aspects. Analysis of the objectives, interaction, guides, contents, etc.
- Assessment of the course and other notable aspects. Open section where a more global discussion could be developed, taking into account the positive and negative aspects of the course.
During the development and assessment of the activity, the experience was documented using tools for gathering data based on a qualitative research methodology (Barbour, 2013; Flick, 2012; Kvale, 2013). The methods used were classroom observation and writing a field diary, focus groups and interviews. A manual process of coding and subject classification was used for the purpose of analyzing the data (Gibbs, 2012).
In each subject, one of the project researchers went to a classroom to carry out an observation session and then write a field diary. With the information gathered, a focus group was organized, in which the teacher who developed the activity, the external observer (who acted as a facilitator) and a group of students participated. Inspired by lesson studies (Cerbin amp; Kopp, 2006), the objective was to discuss the development of the class and its improvement. An audio recording was made of the discussion, which was later transcribed. Finally, a semi-structured interview with each teacher was conducted, in which the decision-making process in relation to the activity, class management, the role of students, etc. were analyzed, as summarized in Table 2 below.
This methodological design enabled us to link an educational research process to teaching innovation (Morales, 2010
我们的研究项目是围绕两个主要目标组织的: 1 )提高对MOOC的认识,并在一些教育学位课程的背景下对其进行分析;2 )利用这一初步分析并加以发展,目的是建立MOOC最佳实践指南。
小组课堂活动就是在这个阶段发展起来的。它包括在研究小组设计的分析模板的基础上,分析西班牙语正在开发的模拟课程中的教育/教学科目。
5)课程评估和其他值得注意的方面:考虑到课程的积极和消极方面,可以开展更具全球性的讨论的开放部分。
这种方法设计使我们能够将教育研究过程与教学创新联系起来( Morales,2010年),因为调查过程的最终目标是改善大学教学和教育学位课程。
另一方面,教师们说,对他们来说最重要的是让学生从正规教育之外的另一个角度更接近教育领域(访谈教师1 ),此外,它还提供了反思与虚拟教育相关的学科创新的机会,总是从教学和交流的角度(访谈教师3 ) :
教师们指出,这种方法的优势在于开展不同难度和深度的活动、使用不同辅助材料的协作设计、大学环境中教学和研究之间的联系(访谈教师2 )、教室中有两名教师(访谈教师3 )以及正在开发的学习应用。
与会者非常重视所开展的工作,并建议在教育课程中增加模拟课程。我们处理工作的方式也得到了积极评价;与会者指出,课堂工作使他们能够为今后作为教师和研究人员的工作发展有用的技能。
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阶段 |
具体目标 |
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1. |
培训工作团队并复习文献 |
-复习文献。 |
-选择要分析的平台和课程类型。 |
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-不同程度地规划课堂活动深度 |
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-规划监测活动的过程。 |
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2. |
MOOCs分析 |
-发展课堂活动( 4门学科 |
来自美国大学的3门教育课程 |
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坎塔布里亚和1门教育课程中的2门课程 |
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奥维耶多大学)。 |