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摘 要

本课题从三个方面来分析希斯克利夫的性格。首先介绍希斯克利夫性格残忍的一面， 并分析其原因是因为周围的环境以及他的遭遇，还有他的复仇行为最能体现其残忍，其次指出他的性格里还有扭曲的一面以及体现在哪里还有对他的影响是怎样的，以及为什么到后期他的性格会变得扭曲起来，最后阐述希斯克利夫的性格中仍然存有善良的那一面，所以这导致了他的性格是双面性的，而这一特点决定了主人公最终的结局和书中故事的走向。空一行

关键词：残忍；扭曲；双面性

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Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 2

3. The Analysis of Heathcliff"s Characters 3

3.1 Cruel personality……………………………………………………………3

3.2 Twisted character………………………………………………………........7

3.3 Dual characters……………………………………………………………...9

4. Conclusion 10

Works Cited 12

1. Introduction

Heathcliff is an orphan who is raised by an old man called Eamshaw, who is the owner the Wuthering Heights. When Eamshaw passed away, his son tortures Heathcliff unfairly for his revenge. So, special circumstances lead to Heathcliff’s characters which can be described as strong, tenacious. Heathcliff and Catherine were meant to be together, and he is loyal to her. Catherine is almost his life and his hope, which means she is more important than himself. He is eager to meet Catherine again in heaven even after she died. This crazy love distorted his everything, including his outlook, which makes him never regret for what he has done. Therefore, his characters are contradictory, complicated, which embodies kindness and evil, reflecting how beauty turns to ugliness.

In the history of English literature, Wuthering Heights is always viewed as the most peculiar novel and an inscrutable book, since in the beginning it was described as “gloomy, indecorous and morbid-minded”, a direful and brackish novel”. The book mainly shows us the transitional process of Heathcliff’s character from transformed humanity to the recurrence of humanity.Heathcliff was an orphan from Liverpool adopted by Mr. Eamshaw.

When Mr. Eamshaw introduced him to his families, everyone did not like him, especially his son Hindley. Hindley often beated and insulted him, but he bore his treatment fairly well because of the love of Mr. Eamshaw. Unfortunately, Mr. Eamshaw gone off, his treatment became worse, his right of being educated is deprived of and he must labor out doors as hard as any other lad on the farm. However, he put up with everything because he could forget everything in the minute he and Catherine are together again.

One Sunday, Heathcliff and Catherine met Edgar and his sister Isabella, something happened to change. Catherine and Edgar began to fall in love with each other, which made Heathcliff intolerable. Because the amour propelled, Catherine married to Edgar.

As a result, Heathcliff left Wuthering Heights for 3 years. When he came back, he became very cut-throat and heartless, which represented thoroughly by the way he got back at everybody. In the end, he restored the humanity. When took revenges on others, Heathcliff became a cruel, mad, and evil man. In fact, Heathcliff was a tragedy figure and he also suffered a lot. The reasons for his changes are multiple. From the analysis, to the reasons, we can get further understanding of love and hatred. This thesis attempts to conduct a is general into the changes of Heathcliff’s characters, analyzing the reasons which result in the changes ,with focus on the humanity of Heathcliff. Heathcliff under the rule of the world like Dante"s purgatory, in its revenge in the process we can see his frozen human slowly recovery process. Heathcliff"s image is multiple, as Graham herder nice. "We may he strange abstruse contemplation and confused, we may also because of his passion for the destructive power of revenge and ruthless and stunned, but at the same time we listen to a human in pain desperate screams.

2. Literature Review

When Wuthering Heights was published, it sparked many concerns all over the world. Many famous scholars have been taking deep researches into this masterpiece, analyzing this book from various aspects to give readers who are very interested in this work some useful information and to help them fully understand what the author wanted to tell us.

Although most of Wuthering Heights takes place indoors, readers sense that nature is a major element in the novel. Nature is present in figurative language, which accounts for the impression of realism, but why does Bronte choose an indirect mode of presentation over a direct one? The figurative uses of nature form a highly abstract symbolic system, distinct from real nature, while real nature is unrepresentative. Psychoanalytic theory may account for this discrepancy, if the text is treated as if it were a psyche. Nature, or the destructive reality it represents, is so threatening that it must be repressed, while the figurative use of nature is a sublimation, redirecting the dangerous force into a safe and constructive channel. Analysis of the heroine, Cathy, helps to confirm this reading. Similar forces are at work in her psyche, but unlike the author she cannot sublimate and succumbs to nature"s power. Repression and Sublimation in Wuthering Heights. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 1978, 93(1):9-19.

Wuthering Heights is unusual among masterpieces of fiction for its elaborate treatment of the relationship between masters and servants. Such relationships play a significant part both in developing the plot and in revealing character. Although masters and mistresses ultimately have the upper hand of their servants, it is noteworthy how much power servants exercise within the sphere of domination to which they are subject. The tendency of servants to be insubordinate for one reason or another highlights the problem of a hierarchical society while raising certain questions of peculiar moral interest. That the author herself seems to call the system of masters and servants in doubt is hinted at throughout the narrative, and more especially through her presentation of Hareton and the younger Catherine. Emily"s ingenious handling of this theme helps us to recognize that her novel is concerned not merely with a singular love relationship but with human relationships in general. Masters and Servants in Wuthering Heights. Bronte Studies, 2008, 33(1):44-53.

In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bront breaks away from the traditional love and makes the love among Heathcliff, Catherine and Linton are fused into the abnormal psychology of Heathcliff whose loses his spiritual balance. It shows that Heathcliff’s distorted characters are moulded by the environment and society which are the oppression of the upper class embodied by Linton, Hindley and Catherine’s betrayal. Besides, Heathcliff’s characters are the main reasons of his tragedy, which proves that one’s fate is decided by his or her characters. Sue Thornham, Journal of British Cinema and Television, 2006, (2):214-231.

As we can see, a lot of illustrious scholars have studied this work deeply. However, I plan to discuss Heathcliff’s characters from 3 perspectives and find what causes his characters and its influences to him and others. And finally, I draw a conculsion which can generalize the relationship between his characters and his detiny.

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3. The analysis of Heathcliff’s characters

3.1 Cruel Personality

In a sense, Heathcliff’s revenge for Wuthering Heights is sort of intense complaint about this brutal society. Inequality comes along with this distorted society, which brings poverty and contempt and makes him cruel. Also, without cruelty, nothing would lead to his crazy revenge.

We can understand why because anyone else would do the same thing if he were Heathcliff. After all, nothing can compare with the loss of dignity and love. Cruel reality contorted his natural characters, forcing him to become ruthless. Moreover, his revenge is so fierce that it hurts himself and others. It is a character that compromises to reality. However, something kind also lies in his natural characters besides cruelty. He is likely to find something good in him when he turns to cruelty, which can be proved before he dies. He is able to decide not to take revenge on the next generation.

Furthermore, he admitted that endless revenge would only cause bad results, which makes people ponder that kindness and goodness can spring up from hatred and cruelty. Any charming personalities contain factors which can be positive or negative. The hidden factors in characters can explode when the environment changes, which can turn the destiny around. When he falls in love with Catherine each other, he is kind and grateful. However, when Catherine betrays him, he changes and starts avenging. During his revenge, things changes again. He becomes the master of the Wuthering Heights and his enemies die one after another, dispelling his thought of revenge gradually. It makes him choose another path-kindness. This back-and-forth change of his characters makes him dramatic. Catherine’s betrayal is a turning point, changing his love into hatred.

After Catherine dies, his hatred explodes like a volcano, which drives him to avenge madly. Then, he achieves his goal that is killing Hendry, usurping Wuthering Heights and torturing the innocent next generation. This crazy revenge seems disgusting and abnormal, however, it embodies his spirit of rebellion vividly. It is a special kind of revolt decided by special characters and environment. Heathcliff’s fate showcases the huge influence of environment, which shows Heathcliff’s real tracks. Heathcliff’s tragedy gives us a warning that people and environment rely on each other, so when they have conflicts, people’s fates changes. This is the real reason why Heathcilff is a tragedy, which is what the author wants to tell us.

Heathcliff’s soul has been distorted by capitalism. Heathcliff used to be kind before he is tormented and insulted. Afterwards, he gets to know that this society is so merciless that he has to become a devil. Being destroyed by society contributes to his contorted characters. His love tragedy represents his time and society. The author ascribes his crazy characters to his loss of love, care from family being defeated by failure. Being under others’ roof and being abandoned at young age also play an important role in his tragic life, unveiling the evil of society and flaying how secular hierarchy inflicts damage on people’s spirit.

Catherine subjects to the secular society, subjects to the temptation of money, and finally decides to marry the owner of the Grange - Edgar. Although she says I love Edgar"s like foliage in the woods, in the winter when the trees change in time will change it into a leaf; my love for Heathcliff is eternal rocks beneath the tree as though it looks like it is not much to give you pleasure, but this is pleasant but it is necessary, permanent "believe that when Heathcliff hears Catherine said: when you marry Heathcliff will reduce my identity , with Ganchangcunduan words to describe his feelings at the time also does not think that too.

Catherine Heathcliff"s change of heart so that life in the last little love lost, love of strong to intense hate, hate of intense become his strong personality - hard, unyielding and cruel. On the surface, it"s all because of love Catherine betrayal caused, actually it reveals that strong Modern Value - Poverty is shameful!

Indian proverb: Sow a character, reap destiny. Since sowing hatred, cruel character, it will be the fate of Heathcliff harvest tragedy.

Heathcliff"s revenge on the need to establishes a platform for money. His revenge is not simply to kill the enemy, but to occupy Wuthering Heights and the Grange. For him, only accounting for Wuthering Heights and the Grange, only the wealth, only the overriding right to have the greatest possible insult enemy capital and revenge. He succumbs to the surroundings, his mind thus pain, for the pain and twisted, distorted due to becoming stubborn, cruel, difficult to erase his hate. Napoleon famously says, the words: If someone laughs I am short, I"ll cut off his head, so that he would like me high." Napoleon believed that Heathcliff and like the idea: Rather no dignity, fancy bullying through life, not as much love to a fight. Since it can not be good living weak, too strong and hope to die. It is in stark contrast of love and hate, good and bad is the special circumstances causing Heathcliff shares a unique personality, and shares a unique personality, and if the volcano bursts, become crazy revenge dynamic. Later Heathcliff turns into a horrible, heinous revenge devil, he first tricks Hindley lost all his possessions, allowing his son to become ignorant people; later in retaliation for a forest, let yourself have been ill strong"s son marries the daughter of a small forest Catherine, but after his son dies, his heirs places identity pocketed all of the Lin family property, which means extremely cruel vicious retaliation, it can be said, he behaved side evil human nature head. The only goal of Heathcliff"s life is to enter his enemy. To retaliate, to achieve his purpose.

Finally, in his revenge, he is deprived of all the people he hated, but in the end he does not get what he wanted. Before his heart that he commits sins have been buried in hell. He blamed himself, and he is afraid of being punished. This kind of extreme fear makes him in a dilemma, and his heart is full of hatred and conflict. Constantly repressed by injury, for Heathcliff must be sleepless nights, can only live in the depression and madness. He calls obtained through revenge victory for him without any benefits, only slowly pushes him to the grave. As the old Earnshaw in Liverpool street to retrieve a foundling Heathcliff rustic sincerity, won the masters old Earnshaw loved, loved him even more than the love of his son Sintra mine, picked up a child, can so that the owner love to such an extent, showing that he does have its own unique loveliness. Through his love and care for others, the writer suggests that the initial Heathcliff has a simple, kind, resistant to suffer all sorts of human virtues. In addition to having the dignity, courage, hard-working, patience and other virtues addition, Heathcliff best embodies the beauty of human nature that is his life and death, enduring love Catherine. Heathcliff from the original having such a variety of human virtues of youth, to eventually become a crazy, cold, cruel, selfish Avengers, by many objective reasons. First, Sintra Leidui Xi Gdansk Leaf brutal abuse and insult is the main cause of Heathcliff personality distorted. Secondly, Heathcliff is a harsh environment is distorted nature of the victim, a victim of the social environment. This was deprived of intense love and hate human warmth outcast in real life training. The most important is the final choice of Katherine Edgar Linton, left him so Heathcliff lose the survival of the source of life. We can say that in this world, love of Catherine, Heathcliff is unique. Even if something else does not, and if he also has a love for her Catherine, that he can continue to live, but if there is no love for Catherine, it really is nothing. If Sintra thunder of his past abuse in her heart planted the seeds of hatred, then love is lost Catherine detonation fuse this hatred is the direct cause of his distorted human nature.

3.2 Twisted Character

It is likely that Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights are not compatible with each other. It seems that everyone cannot let him join their life. Of course, everybody can’t comprehend him. So, it is necessary that he goes away and comes back for revenge. He chooses to hit back because of being isolated and rebuffed. He almost holds everyone as his enemies. Therefore, in a sense, Heathcliff is much crueler than his enemies. He has react madly and wildly owing to his twisted character. His plan for revenge is crazy ,which makes him become a formidable evil. His whistling passion and distinct love and hate consciousness, coupled with his crazy revenge attracted readers. His name is composed of two English words heath which means steep and cliff , and list the name will give the reader a cruel and cold feeling.

Heathcliff is a master of Wuthering Heights Earnshaw Yangda orphans. When he arrived at Wuthering Heights, he was wearing a shabby clothes, the lack of education of the gypsy like a child. Earnshaw died, Earnshaw"s son Hindley hate Heathcliff, and insulted him to him as servants and slaves. Heath Cliff suffers from injustice. But at the same time, life and develop his unruly and strong tragic character. He looks miserable, suffering children, but he is invincible. He can endure the beaten Hendry and not to blink, don"t shed a tear. He is a real man, he needs independent personality, he need to be fair. But in a capitalist society, matter is everything. Heathcliff had nothing, no money, no social status. He has just depression and inferiority, this made him hate Hendry, who represented the upper class. But at the time he has no ability to pay, so he can only endure. But in his heart he has decided to take revenge on the future. He has a plan, he doesn"t care about how long it will take. He only wants to succeed in the end. His hated for Hendry is so deep that, when he plans to revenge, his suffering is not painful. For Hendry, Heathcliff is filled with hatred, but Katherine is the love of his life, did not expect, the more love, the deeper the harm.

Although Heathcliff has been living in hatred, abuse and ignorance, but for all that, he started but did not have much resentment and hatred, and has never considered himself humble, it is because all along, he was flanked by Catherine . Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights came after, in addition to old Mr. Earnshaw, Catherine is the fastest and only truly accepted him. Their age, temperament similar. Heathcliff stubborn rudeness, Catherine is also doing my part, her haughty headstrong, mischievous and barbaric, but the enemy has chosen these two like-minded. Although Hendry denied his right to go to school, but when Catherine the lectures she learned to teach him, but also to accompany him after class work or play in the field. Although he was not allowed and Catherine Hendry close, but their greatest pleasure is, right from the early morning to the wilderness, he stayed there all day, and afterwards the punishment for them fell into a ridiculous little things pile. Although Hendry received tortured, but as long as he and Katherine come together, they will immediately forget everything - at least they came up with a mischievous revenge, they put everything forgotten.

But since the thrush Grange spent five weeks, Katherine Ono has temporarily become by one person a dignified little lady, learned and elegant, but also know how to pay attention to the people in front of civilization to live in their own bundle of wild, learned to fear that their clothes were dirty Heathcliff, all of this, let Heathcliff angry, he felt ashamed of his self-esteem took a hit. I can not stand people laugh at me, but why this time Heathcliff, has increasingly fallen. For Heathcliff, his family, friends and loved ones has always been the same person, and that is Catherine. His whole world is only just Katherine, his love was so hot so focused even so narrow! In this case, lost love and equality, seeing the gap is growing, especially loved to hear him speak and to reduce identity, he so proud stubborn man, how can you stand it ? Loved one is about to marry someone else, how can he accept it? After all of the world were destroyed, he lost his balance and emotional balance, he chose to hate the whole world, he chose to leave. Since then embarked on a revenge and never return.

In summary, the entire living environment objective and subjective individual factors Heathcliff have led to deepening its inferiority, its two major estate property grab, manipulate enemies descendants of the people around them tortured, in order to fight inferiority seek compensation performance. Through above the others, to dominate others to get psychological satisfaction, his surly character and brutality under pathological result in the wrong environment affect the formation, he was driven by internal forces blind, not able to effectively overcome the inferiority complex become a victim of their own destiny. From a psychological perspective dialysis inferiority complex his inner world, so that we would work with the new insight into the protagonist.

3.3 Dual Characters

Wuthering Heights of Heathcliff"s isolation and exclusion for granted by the more powerful response, he almost for all people are full of hostility, he believes, Ed Gia Linton is the Grange wimp. He"s down on Ai Dejia"s love for Catherine (he"s eighty years of love is not worth my love of the day) and Catherine"s love for Ai Dejia (for her, he"s almost as good as her dog or horse). He also said, I"m anxious not to see her, said Kathy . Outside of Catherine Earnshaw, Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff is an outsider, only Catherine loves him, because the two of them with the same nature: mad and capricious. Like Catherine told Nelly that: because he than I more like myself, no matter what constitutes our soul, his and I is the same. When Heathcliff called Ai Dejia a lamb and not worth a blow, his values were determined by the primitive nature of the wild and the power of the decision. He in the bottom of my heart despised Edgar, heard Catherine to Nelly frankly voice part of the dialogue, he ran away, its purpose is to more than Edgar. But when he came back three years later, Catherine has been married, so he lost love and revenge. Ironically, he is still using the values of other people"s values: life experience, wealth and social status. His goal is to get higher position -- including, of course, wealth, and make his enemies fall in the end, he has Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange and the fall of Hareton. He treats like Hareton when Hindley treated him. He resisted Earnshaw and Layton family of weapons is money and arranged marriage.

When Hindley dies, he put the unfortunate little Hareton and put it on the table, with a rare spirits muttered: Oh, my good boy. Now, let us to see if the same wind blowing twisting this tree, it will not with another plant grow as crooked. Heathcliff Hareton"s fall and complacency. Later, he told Nelly: "to him that evil father than, I put his clenched more tightly, pushed lower, because of his own vulgar and pride. I taught him laugh at animal something outside, thought it was stupid, useless." In fact, Harrington has a kind of value: crazy wild, and this is the nature of Heathcliff "s nature.

For him, Catherine was more important than himself, and he said, Catherine, you know, I forgot you forgot about me. Even when she died, she has been haunted by him for almost twenty years he to Nelly said: because for me, what is with her contact with it? What does not make me think of her? I even look down the ground, her face is printed on the surface of the stone plate! In every cloud, in every tree full of in the night sky. During the day, in every piece of things can see her, I was completely her image surrounded by the whole world everywhere remind me she exists, but I lost her. He has long been eager to reunite with Catherine in heaven, finally died with a smile. Is this love all his distortions, so that he has a terrible world view, and even refuses to regret his actions: for when it comes to reflect the unjust thing I do, I want to say. I"ve never done anything unjust, also does not have what can reflect the. He once said: I am convinced that there is a ghost, I believe that the ghost can and does exist in the middle of us. He thought he was not going to hell after death but into heaven with Catherine: last night, I was on the threshold of hell. Today, I can see my paradise. I have almost reached my paradise.

Obviously, he thought will enter the kingdom of heaven for a consciousness of their sins, but refuse to repent of people after the death of his speaking, this is really a strange thing. It can be seen that Heathcliff "s character is contradictory, complex and dual, in his character not only embodies the unity of opposites between good and evil, but also reflects the transformation of the United States to the ugly.

4. Conclusion

Heathcliff is an epitome: no poor and humble bring endless shame life is like a knife, carved, changing character of Heathcliff. Said from some kind of meaning that Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange revenge is to a powerful indictment of a merciless social! Emily Bronte, in the form of artistic imagination showed capitalist society in the 19th century, the individual spiritual oppression and conflicts, create a piece of an incredible completely distorted, shrouded in a realistic picture of fear, insecurity and despair.
In the novel, and Emily Blunt put himself into the Heathcliff, to his lonely, rebellious, devoted to Heathcliff, also expressed her of capitalist society in contempt and resentment. In the capitalist society money is omnipotent, it is because of the money, Hendry to torture Heathcliff; it is because of the money, Catherine to abandon Heathcliff married Linton; and it is because of the money, to Heathcliff to Hendry and Linton revenge. All of which shows us in the capitalist society in nineteenth Century, people"s spirit is nervous, social contradictions are all kinds of. As a result, Heath Cliff was the soul of the abandonment of the capitalist society. He was a heresy in nineteenth Century.

In summary, the entire living environment objective and subjective individual factors Heathcliff have led to deepening its inferiority, its two major estate property grab, manipulate enemies descendants of the people around them tortured, in order to fight inferiority seek compensation performance. Through above the others, to dominate others to get psychological satisfaction, his surly character and brutality under pathological result in the wrong environment affect the formation, he was driven by internal forces blind, not able to effectively overcome the inferiority complex become a victim of their own destiny. From a psychological perspective dialysis inferiority complex his inner world, so that we would work the hero has a new insight. So, whether we love Heathcliff or hate him,we can learn a lot from him. What he shows us is guiding us to a proper path, which will be a warning to us at any time. The novel tells us a love and hate entangled intense story, in the record of social humanity by twisted become degenerate and eventually in the course of recovery. Heathcliff grows, his love and hate throughout the entire story, he is neither a Danish prince, nor more handsome elegant gold Darcy-type figure, he was just an abandoned street waif, but Emily childhood particularly moved by the story of the outcast, very small when she left her own as drama rehearsal often several children in the wilderness, said that Wuthering Heights of the prototype is to Heathcliff written story this shows the status of the characters in the whole work.

Works Cited

Lancan Ecrits, A selection, trans, Alan Sheriden, London: Tavistock, (1997): 12-15.

Laurence Lerner, The Victorians, London: Methuenamp; Co.Ltd., (1978):20-22.

Marian Leader and Judy Groves, Lacan: Icon Books Ltd., (1998):39-42.

邓凤辉 :《呼啸山庄的人物分析》. 佳木斯大学社会科学学报，2（2007）：97-98.

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