论文总字数：30801字

摘 要

中国是世界文明古国之一，拥有着五千年的历史，因此中国文化博大精深。而汉语中叠词是一种常见的语言现象，在日常生活和文学作品中应用广泛并且起着非常重要的作用，如何翻译好叠词实属不易。每一种语言都有其美感，翻译美学理论的提出保留了其真善美，达到了艺术的统一，对译者和源语言的翻译有着重要的指导意义。本文旨在通过介绍翻译美学理论，汉语叠词的词性和词义变化以及汉语叠词的功能来说明翻译美学理论下汉语叠词的英译。

关键词：翻译美学理论;汉语叠词;叠词英译

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 1

3. Translation Aesthetics 3

3.1 Definition 3

3.2 Research object 4

4. Chinese Reduplicated Words 5

4.1 The change of word meaning and lexical category 5

4.2 The function of Chinese reduplicated words 6

5. The Translation of Chinese Reduplicated Words under The Theory of Translation Aesthetics 7

5.1 Translating poems 7

5.2 Translating proses 10

5.3 Translating novels 11

5.4 Findings 12

6. Conclusion 13

Works Cited 15

1. Introduction

As China’s comprehensive national power gradually increased, China connects more with the world trail, many foreigners are interested in China and Chinese culture, translate Chinese well will help our culture is better understood, while helping to spread our culture better.

Reduplication is a common phenomenon in the Chinese language, it reflects the rhythm of language, image and rhetoric, not only that, words rhyme compact structure is neat and rigorous, words are refined and have a strong expression and appealing, can promote linguistic unity artistic form and content, so it is widely used in literature and daily life. But because of the different expressions and cultural differences in Chinese and English, Chinese reduplicated words is difficult to be translated into English, this will lead to conflict and misunderstanding easily.

The translation esthetics theory is an important translation theory, it often used in translation, it is also a new discipline which combines translation and aesthetics. (Fu 25) The emergence and development of translation aesthetics opens up a new path for translators.

This article takes Chinese reduplicated words as an example, through analyze Chinese reduplicated words’ word meaning, lexical category and function, and discussed the translation of Chinese reduplicated words from angle of translation esthetics. 

2. Literature Review

Shakespeare’s famously said that “words with concise for your”. Communication between people both in verbal and written communication should be concise, in practice, if the word repetition would be considered repetitive, lack of vocabulary and boring. As a rhetorical technique, overlap to express can play a positive role and will produce unexpected results.

Reduplicated words is also known as folding or overlapping tone, means two or more of the same word, syllable, or morpheme overlapping use. Chinese nouns, numerals and quantifiers, adjectives, adverbs, verbs and overlapping onomatopoeia have change. Denmark’s English grammarians Jeopersen think like reiterative and reiterative phrases is a result of “human nature, like some syllables is a means to strengthen the words”. He thought the word is a combination of sound and sense. The voice of the words with the harmonious will help the expression of meaning. From the perspective of syntax, word formation is a kind of word formation. From the perspective of rhetoric, fold the words and phrases can express different additional meaning and perceptual color.

Chen Hongwei said in Chinese-English Translation that words overlap can highlight the thoughts and express the author’s feelings, strengthen the sense of rhythm, add rhyme beauty and reads catchy. (Chen 19) He Shunqing in Chinese-English Lexical Analysis of Superimposed Additional Significance said that the use of reiterative can effectively express the author’s thoughts and feelings, what else can be a very good artistic effect to promote the value of art. (He 2) Yu Lianjiang in Chinese-English Reiterative Contrast and Translation Study said reiterative word formation is orderly, rhythm is light, which not only can play a certain cohesion, rhetoric and style function, but also can convey the mood, feeling, onomatopoeia, stress and create image effect, achieve the beauty of rhythm, imagery and the expression of beauty effect. (Yu 5) Therefore the reiterative aesthetic value is very high.

The English translation of Chinese reduplicated words is difficult, so many linguists and rhetoricians are concerned with the overlapping phenomenon in language and its translation. Qian Zhongshu points out that literary translation is the highest standard of “change”. “change” is to work from the text, text into the other language, which can not reveal the difference between linguistic habits hard far-fetched, but need to keep its original flavor. Therefore, on the premise of not to damage its meaning, reduplicated words’ translation need to keep its form in order to achieve the “being”. And translation aesthetics is used for solving problem, just like Liu Miqing said in Introduction to Translation Aesthetics that translation should not only pay attention to the meaning of the original and emotions, but also notice the effect of beauty. (Liu 45) Zhang Bairan in Contemporary Esthetics Reconsidering said must construct esthetics pattern which has the Chinese characteristic. (Zhang 1) 

Many researchers did a lot of researches in translation aesthetics, such as the Practical Translation Aesthetics by Fu Zhongxuan, Xi Yongji’s Comparative Aesthetics of Literary Translation and Translation of Shakespeare’s Comparative Aesthetics, Jiang Qiuxia’s Aesthetics in Literary Translation Process: gestalt reconstruction and Aesthetics of Translation by Mao Ronggui, who discusses the relation between translation and aesthetics from various angles, his viewpoint is novel and have the groundbreaking.

After reading so many articles, I discovered each person has different minds to the thing. Chinese reduplicated words is applied widely in the daily life, we should pay attention to observing the life, when we translated, we should conform to the linguistic environment fully, use esthetics theory knowledge to make sentence beauty, give human beautiful feeling, manifest Chinese infinite charm, and stand in opposite party angle to ponder the question, only like this can translate the originally meaning well and avoid misunderstanding which is advantageous to the Chinese widespread dissemination.

3. Translation Aesthetics

3.1 Definition

The translation cannot leave esthetics, the Chinese tradition translation theory is also flashing esthetics’ ray, through studies we discover the esthetics pattern can reflect Chinese essential characteristic and the essence of Chinese culture implication. The translation esthetics starter is Shirley Chew and Alistair Stead. (Shirley 79) This theory spread to China later, therefore, in China it was a young external discipline.

Esthetics is embarks by the human to the reality esthetic relations, the main object is art, it is the study of beauty, ugliness, high aesthetic and human’s aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic experience, as well as the creation of beauty, the development and the laws of science. Aesthetics is also a branch of philosophy, which studies philosophical issues in the arts, so aesthetics is also called “the art of philosophy”. As its name implies, translation esthetics is the translation and esthetics unifies mutually, a scientific theory of aesthetic and performance including cultural studies and language aesthetic, language esthetic method and theory of value, translation style research, Western translation esthetics thought development summary as well as English beauty and Chinese beauty summary elaboration.

In dictionary, translation aesthetics is defined as: reveal the origins of translation aesthetics, discuss the special significance of translation aesthetics, with translation aesthetics’ viewpoint to know the scientific and the artistry of translation. And use basic principles of aesthetics to presented different stylistic standards, analysis, interpretation .

3.2 Research object

Translation esthetics take translation esthetic object, translation esthetic main body, translation esthetic consciousness systematic, esthetic standard as well as rich creative esthetic reappearance in translation process and so on as object of study.

Due to the different scholars are at different angles, so at present the classification of aesthetic object in translation has not been uniform. One viewpoint thought the translation involves two languages, therefore the esthetic object should be supposed to include the original text and the translation. Another viewpoint believed that the translation esthetic object is the original text that the translator needs to translate, but this original text must have the esthetic value, can meet human’s some kinds of esthetic needs. (Chomsky 80) We may draw a critical conclusion from this: in the translation research, esthetic object includes the original text and the translation inevitably. But in the translation of Chinese reduplicated words, the esthetic object is the Chinese reduplicated word.

The esthetic main body is refers to the human who carries on the esthetic activity to the esthetic object, the translation esthetic main body is a translator. (Spencer 90) Esthetic main bodies have conditions and so on cultural inside story, esthetic ability and consciousness, experience have decided its translation effect directly. Therefore, a good translator is especially important, this also set a higher request to translator.

In translation process, if esthetic main body wants to convert the object into a different language texts, enables esthetics essential factor to the maximum limit retention that must use esthetic reappearance adeptly, for example increase the morphology, reduce the morphology, the reconstruction, the actual situation transforms, hidden reveals the transformation and so on to guarantee the translation and the original text is an excellent likeness highly. (Halliday 80) Therefore, esthetic reappearance is also becomes important object of study in the translation esthetics research. In the translation of Chinese reduplicated words, the use of aesthetic representation is in order to better understand with each other and enjoy its beauty.

So only the translator understand Chinese reduplicated words accurately and skilled use aesthetic representation can make translation to be beautiful and have aesthetic effect at the same time.

4. Chinese Reduplicated Words

4.1 The change of word meaning and lexical category

The lexical category of reduplicated words is diverse, after Chinese glossary overlaps, generally non-lexical category change, but the verb overlaps which follow the AABB form often transforms the adjective or the adverb. For example: Gangs up repugnantly human. He is standing respectfully. The adjective overlaps which follow the ABAB form often transforms the verb. For example: Had a vacation, everybody cool chic! After Chinese glossary overlaps, the word meaning changes mostly. This kind of word meaning change causes reduplicated words have the information function, besides, have the expression function and the esthetic sense function, which make the language to be spirited and richer power. Reduplicated words’ semantic change can be summarized into three cases.

（1）Increase. Namely increase meaning. After the noun, the numeral, the classifier and so on overlap, which often increasing “every” and “many” meaning, that is, more than one. For example: all of them, every day, everything and so on.

（2）“The strong righteousness” is the enhancement meaning. Strengthening the degree of overlapping adjectives and adverbs, for example: Sweet, just, gently, the silly in foolishness, conscientious and so on.  

（3） Weak righteousness, that is, slowing semantics. After the verb and adjective in ABAB form overlap can cause the word meaning weak, expressed movement often is a body or attempted body. For example: Ask, sing, ponder and so on.

4.2 The function of Chinese reduplicated words

Reduplicated words can convey mood, feeling, onomatopoeia, stress and create images, reduplicated words in Chinese literature is very common, so it has high aesthetic value. Reduplicated words can create vivid images to achieve the effect of rhyme, imagery and expression of beauty.

Chinese reduplicated words’ function mainly to lie in the emphasis, highlights the thought, the emphasis sentiment, the rhythm feeling. Looked from the form angle that reduplicated words can cause the words and expressions syllable symmetrically, neat. Simultaneously, may entrust with the words and expressions by the new significance and the sentimental color. Looked from the semantic angle that overlap can cause the significance to increase, emphasis or weak. Specifically, through overlaps may achieve reduplicated words’ engagement function, rhetoric function and literary style function. Use reduplicated words will have the special acoustics, causes the sound clear, bright and produce the beauty of music. Such as the Du Fu’s poem Soldier Car Dealership, the first reduplicated words with two onomatopoetic word “the vehicle rattle, the horse whinny” to describe the carriages and horses’ sound to make the human feel like near its boundary. reduplicated words is also have the remarkable description function, which can make the description to be more vivid, image and clear.

Reduplicated words follow rhythm, attention emotion exaggeration, request language fining, therefore it becomes the best choice which many people express his feeling and minds.

5. The Translation of Chinese Reduplicated Words under The Theory of Translation Aesthetics

5.1 Translating poems

In the Chinese poetry creation, the poet can utilize the different writing method to express own emotion. Reduplicated words is utilized frequently in the ancient poetry, it is a common rhetoric technique, poetry has the prominent utilization in the Chinese early time. The incunabulum forms which in the China literary language, the poem’s expression way mainly is overlap, relapse reciting, therefore reduplicated words is able to strengthen the expression and adding color for emotion. In translation of reduplicated words, highlight this effect is quite difficult. Therefore, regarding the translation of reduplicated words in Chinese ancient poetry, it is a good way to transform it to different forms of English rhetoric redundant. In translation of reduplicated words, we can not only pay great attention to its righteousness, shape and sound, but also pay great attention to the iconicity, succinct, three-dimensional as well as the comprehensive nature, and adding the beautification to the linguistic environment, namely exaggerated ideal condition, only in this can achieve the perfect reappearance which Chinese language and writing itself has.

5.1.1 Literal translation

1. Use “-ing” form in English synonymous verbs that indicates the action is carried out or movements continued to translate the Chinese reduplicated words. It has description, expressions and rhetorical features.

For example:

1. 窗外雨潺潺。(李煜《浪淘沙》)

Without the blind the rain is pattering.

Analysis: use “patter” ( the sound of something hitting the ground ) this verb to translate “潺潺”, then plus “-ing” form to translate, expresses rain can not stop this condition, which translates “潺潺” well in this verse, Image and concrete, transmit the original text’s rhythm beauty and sound beauty.

(2) 独倚危楼风细细, 望极春愁, 黯黯生天际。(柳永《风栖梧》)

Alone I lean against the parapet of a high tower in a gentle breeze，Gazing into the distance where the grief of separation, Looms on the horizon．

Analysis: “A gentle breeze” vividly translated the “危楼风细细”, the verb “loom” to translate “黯黯” couldn’t have been directly which make the translation lively and reappeared original’s beauty.

(3) 念去去, 千里烟波, 暮霭沉沉楚天阔。(柳永《雨霖铃》)

You’ll go your way Far, far away On miles and miles away of misty waves where sail the ships And evening clouds hang low in boundless Southern skies．

Analysis: In this classical poem, “念去去” is translated into two, in which uses “far, far away” to translate so appropriately in particular, “沉沉” is translated “hang low”, fully expressed the ideal condition of the curtain of night to arrive that must say goodbye, but not willing to separated in heart. Which reads ringing the upper opening, have a strong rhythm feeling, displays the rhythm concordance, reappeared original text’s beauty.

2. Use matched onomatopoetic words to translate.

Such as:

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