论文总字数：31141字

摘 要

随着科学技术的发展,新媒体逐渐渗入我们生活的方方面面,学校与家庭的沟通交流方式也逐步革新.微信、QQ等新媒体技术逐渐成为家校沟通的得力工具,与此同时,新旧合作模式的相互碰撞难使得传统的家校合作模式逐渐瓦解.本文从将新媒体用于家校合作的渠道出发,分析构建多元互动新模式的重要意义,提出新媒体环境下家校合作教育可能遇到的新挑战,从而更好地形成教育的合力.

关键词：新媒体；家校合作；教育合力

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 2

2.1 Definition of some core terms 2

2.2 Diffusion of innovation theory 3

2.3 Previous studies at home and abroad 4

3. Methods of Applying New Media to Home-School Cooperation 4

3.1 Pay attention to centralization 5

3.2 Foster an atmosphere of love 6

3.3 Explore more useful platforms or tools 6

4. Significance of New Media in Home-School Cooperation 8

4.1 To provide new communication intermediary 8

4.2 To broaden the learning platforms 9

4.3 To improve the relationship between teachers and parents 9

5. Challenges Faced with New Media 9

5.1 How to reduce the spread of false information 9

5.2 How to protect teacher’s legal rights 10

5.3 How to solve the problem of finance and facility 10

6. Conclusion 11

Works Cited 13

1. Introduction

Joyce once said in his book “over 40 years of steadily accumulating evidence show that family involvement is one of the strongest predictors of children’s school success, and that families play pivotal roles in their children’s cognitive, social and emotional development from birth through adolescence.”(Epstein 36) More and more countries have realized it and contributed more to the study of home-school cooperation.

In western countries, home-school cooperation started early and had a sound mechanism. In the United States, they have made clear provisions on home-school cooperation from the perspective of law, which requires parents to participate in the growth plan of students. In the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and other European countries, parents need to take part in students’ education activities. There parents can participate in the management of the school not only as a manager, but also as an outsider who can put forward opinions or suggestions for the school education.

In China, home-school cooperation started relatively late, but it finally made some progress. In the era of "new media", China has taken corresponding measures. In terms of national strategy and education development, the ministry of education issued the guidance opinions on strengthening the work of family education, which provided policy guarantee for school to construct the home-school cooperation mechanism. And in contemporary schools, especially in primary schools and middle schools, it is quite common for parents and teachers to use Jiaxiaotong as a communicative tool. To some extent, such a kind of technology product really provides convenience for us, whereas it does bring about some invisible burdens. Parents who only needed to help their children with their homework in the past if they were willing, now are often forced to check their children’s homework since the teachers will send the homework to parents by mobile phone. In this way, parents need to check their We-chat regularly in case of missing some important information, which is an invisible burden for parents. Apart from that, such new media apps also may cause burdens for teachers. In the past, teachers just needed to pay attention to teaching but now many teachers are required to finish some useless tasks on their mobile phone. Of course new media and the Internet are good ways for teachers to improve themselves; however, they also may influence teachers’ teaching quality since they are often disturbed by these online tasks and could not focus on their teaching. Therefore, if the new media are applied to education without limitation, they would cause negative results.

2. Literature Review

2.1 Definition of some core terms

In order to make my paper much clearer, first it"s important to define some core terms such as home-school cooperation and new media, and then I will give a short introduction about them.

2.1.1 Definition of home-school cooperation

Generally speaking, home-school cooperation refers to that educators and parents jointly bear the responsibility for children"s growth. But such kind of ambiguous definition is far from a satisfying definition. Given that, there are many famous educators once tried to make clear of this definition.

According to Gordon, home-school cooperation refers to the process of mobilizing parents" potential in families and schools to benefit themselves, their children and the communities in which the schools are located.( Gordon 183-189)

Ma Zhonghu believes that home-school cooperation means that the two social structures that have the most influence on students— family and school form a joint force to educate students, so that schools can get more support from families in educating students, and parents can also get more guidance from schools in educating their children.(Ma 50-52)

Partnership not only look at families and schools as equal members of school relationship, but also emphasize the impact and role of communities on the development and growth of children. It regards school and family as well as students themselves as members of the family-school relationship and highlights the dominant position and role of students in the home-school relationship.

2.1.2 Definition of new media

"New media is a changing concept; it is the extension of today"s network." says Xiong Chengyu, a professor at Tsinghua University. With the development of technology, new media may refer to different things in different times. According to Peng Lan, new media mainly refers to interactive and integrated media forms and platforms based on digital technology, network technology and other modern information technology or communication technology. (Peng 125)

Compared with the four traditional media of newspapers, outdoor, radio and television, new media is the form of media based on the support of new technology system which makes immediate communication possible. It has been applied into various areas of our life including education and brings great convenience to home-school communication as well as some challenges. Especially in recent years, most children are the only child in their home, and their parents pay much more attention to the child’s education— usually put it in the first place. Therefore, most parents want to communicate more with the teacher aiming to know their children better where new media play an important role in that they can make immediate communication possible. At the same time, more and more examples have exemplified that good education should be contributed by efforts from teachers, parents and students. In other words, home-school cooperation is quiet important in modern society if we want to improve the teaching quality. But how to combine new media and home-school cooperation effectively is never an easy cake.

2.2 Diffusion of innovation theory

The innovation diffusion theory is put forward by the American scholar Everett. M. Rogers in the 1960s, which is about persuading people to accept new ideas, new things and new products through the media, focusing on the impact of mass communication on society and culture. According to Rogers, innovation is an idea, practice or thing that is regarded as novel by individuals or other units of adoption. Innovation diffusion refers to a basic social process in which subjectively perceived information about a new voice is transmitted. It mainly includes five steps as follows:

(1) Understanding: be exposed to innovation and know how it works;

(2) Persuasion: form attitude about innovation;

(3) Decision: decide to adopt or reject an innovation;

(4) Implementation: put into innovative use;

(5) Confirmation: reinforce or withdraw decisions about innovation.

At present, the theory of innovation diffusion has been widely used in the study of new media in the western academia. According to the theory, new media is an ideal way to spread new knowledge quickly. We can take advantage of it to educate parents so that we could form education resultant force.

2.3 Previous studies at home and abroad

American researchers once proposed the education theory of Shared Responsibility, which mainly stated that parents and teachers should take students as the core of children education. Parents and teachers should attach importance to communication with each other, jointly assuming education responsibilities and fulfilling education obligations. This theory provides theoretical support for home-school cooperation. Apart from that, our domestic educators also made efforts in the study of home-school cooperation. For example, they put up three basic ways to classify home-school cooperation in terms of the role parents play in home-school cooperation, in terms of the level of parents’ involvement and in terms of purpose of home-school cooperation. In addition they try to make some important concepts clear such as parents’ right in home-school cooperation, the function and role of parents and teachers in home-school cooperation.(Huang 123)

When it comes to the new media era, educators pay more attention to how to take advantage of new media so that we could achieve better educating results. Yu Qinfang once noted that in the time of new media, the teacher should improve their new media literacy which mainly refers to teachers" understanding of how to apply new media and their abilities to guide parents in daily teacher-patents communication by using new media technology in the practical work of home-school cooperation.(Yu 80)

3. Methods of Applying New Media to Home-School Cooperation

In traditional home-school cooperation mode, we are likely to believe that the teacher plays a much more important role than the parents since the teachers take the initiative and parents are in a passive position. We are led to believe it’s the teacher’s fault if our children didn’t study well. But now more and more people begin to realize that parents’ s education also accounts for a great percent for children’s development. Therefore, we are exploring more plausible methods to improve our home-school cooperation mode. There are still many efforts we can make to take advantage of new media better, and here I want to introduce several suggestions as follows.

3.1 Pay attention to centralization

At the traditional parents" meeting, teachers and parents can exchange and evaluate students" performance in school and family face to face. The teacher could analyze the child’s advantages and disadvantages with his or her parents, and make targeted recommendations to the child to help them make progress. Its advantage lies in the clear focus of the theme of time and space and the rich atmosphere of education, which are helpful for receiving good results. (An 16) Apart from that, during face-to-face communication, through the clothes parents wearing and their style of conversation, the teacher may get some private information about family financial situation, parents’ job, education level of parents and so on. These factors determine the degree of help parents could offer to their children’s study. Generally speaking middle-class and upper-middle-class parents are in a relatively high level of involvement while the working-class and lower-class parents are in a relatively low level of involvement. (Lareau 6) The teacher should adjust his manner of talking according to different parents so that he will acquire ideal results.

However in nowadays, most teachers just inform some public information in WeChat or QQ group and scarcely talk with patents one by one regularly. In this way, parents just receive general information about the class and could not get specific information about their own children thoroughly. To help each student efficiently, it is necessary for the teachers to talk with parents one by one and tell the parents specific information about their child. In addition, when communicating with parents through new media, it is normal for the teachers to communicate with several parents at the same time, and on the other hand, when communicating with parents on QQ or WeChat, teachers are likely to be disturbed by other things. Of course, the same as parents. In other words, the teachers and parents fail to concentrate on the talk. To some degree, the quality of each communication will be decreased, then the effectiveness of parent-school cooperative function is damaged.

To solve this problem, adjustment from three aspects could be made. First the teachers could adjust their working habits. The teachers could prepare a notebook to record the conversation in brief with each parent so that they could know exactly what they have talked with each parent and what have not. Furthermore, the teachers should develop a habit of recording students’ performance and communicating with their parents regularly. Then our parents also need make adjustment. They should take more initiative. It is difficult for the teachers to pay equal attention to each student, and if parents could contact with the teachers actively they will acquire more specific information about their children. Last but not least, our students are taking the core place in education. Students could communicate with their parents and teachers on their own initiatives so that parents and teachers acquire more detailed information about them. Only when we have grasped the specific information about our students can we better carry out targeted education.

3.2 Foster an atmosphere of love

It is a common example for us that we may get different feelings of the same words when they are expressed in different ways. For example, if your friend just want to make a joke and said "You are so nasty" in text form, you may deem it as expression of his anger, whereas when you hear that words in face-to-face talk, it is easy for you to get his true meaning since you can see his friendly countenance. Countenance and body language are important in interpersonal communication. Close communication between teachers and students" families or parents can create a special family atmosphere where some difficult problems will be solved more easily. During close talk, parents and teachers would feel each others’ emotion, then they could adjust their reaction according to that immediately.

However, talking through media, our emotion is likely to be filtrated by those emotionless tools. What we say in actual talk may be misunderstood. To solve or avoid this problem, we need foster an atmosphere of love. Following factors need our attention:

First, they should respect each other. That’s to say, both teachers and parents should use appropriate words during talking. Second, the teacher should show their love towards children. Generally speaking, parents are more willing to respect and cooperate with the teacher when they notice the teacher’s loves for their children. In addition, the teacher should show their sincerity and care towards parents and help them when necessary. The secret of fostering an atmosphere of love is that making parents feel that they are important and be loved in this collectivity.

3.3 Explore more useful platforms or tools

At present, the most popular methods applied into home-school cooperation are We-chat or Jiaxiaotong. Both of them are mainly used by teachers to inform parents of some information, especially daily task assigned by teachers. Professor Morgan, from Northern Ireland, has divided home-school collaboration into three categories based on levels of parental involvement. The first one is low-level cooperation such as visiting the school, attending the parents" meeting, Open Day, student work exhibition activities etc. In addition, the parent address book, the parent tabloid newspaper, the family newsletter also belong to this category. The second one is high-level cooperation method including regular family visits, parents" participation in classroom teaching and extracurricular activities, help in the production of teaching AIDS, fund-raising for the school, etc. The third one refers to formal group participation, just like parent advisory committee. (Ma 62-63)

According to that, Chinese home-school cooperation is still at a low level. There are much more than WeChat, QQ or Jiaxiaotong new apps that could be applied into home-school cooperation. Actually, the release of information is not constrained by the text, also including images, audio, video, animation, and other vivid and intuitive forms. They can be used either solely or in union. Sometimes the teacher should choose the communication platform according to the different functions of new media. In order to let parents see students in the sports meeting, in all kinds of performances of wonderful moment, or various performance of the classroom. When these images, videos, praise words are sent to the group, the parents in the group would talk about children"s performance evaluation and now the teacher should seize the opportunity to give some scientific ideas of family education and family education method. In this way, parents are more likely to gain immersive experience and know better about the growth of the students in the school.

Additionally, schools also could provide a website for parents to share their suggestions with the teachers. Parents are still used to receiving informs from teachers and rarely take the initiative to have a talk with the teachers. Gu 1-2） On the other hand, when it comes to the relationship between parents and teachers, parents usually have a feeling of awe for teachers for fear that their children would be disliked because of parents wrong doings. They dare not express their opinions directly. So it is necessary for teachers to make parents feel that they are encouraged to give opinions. When children in kindergarten, there are various activities in school to summon parents together, and parents have more chance to talk with teachers and know more about their children. However, when they enter primary or middle school, they are occupied with study, and there are few chance for parents to get access to school. Therefore the school should offer a platform for parents to give their opinions. If parents call the teachers directly, it would be a burden for the teacher and may have bad effect on teachers" daily teaching. So it is a good idea for the school to set a specific website for parents to give their opinions and the teachers just need to browse and reply these messages at their convenience.

Compared with past home-school cooperation mode, we have made great progress, but there is never a perfect mode since the world is changing all the time. What we can do is just improving and adjusting. I do hope my suggestions will make some differences.

4. Significance of New Media in Home-School Cooperation

Family and school are the most influential factors in successful education, because parents and teachers could educate children in a direct way. Therefore, the cooperation between parents and teachers is crucial for a student’s growth. If we can make use of these new media tools effectively, it would bring great convenience to us in terms of improving home-school cooperation.

4.1 To provide new communication intermediary

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