1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

1.1 research background 研究背景

with the development of globalization, more and more people start to consider the ability to speak english as a necessary skill. in china, most children begin to learn english since primary school. adults also attmpt to improve their english abilities in order to be competitive in society. everyone wants to learn english as early as possible so that they can communicate with native speakers with ease in the future. even though the cross-cultural communication attracts more and more attention,as the increasingly frequent communication between countries on politics, culture, science and technology and trade exchanges,we should notice that errors,contradictions and conflicts are gradually revealed in the process of cross-cultural communication because of the different cultural concepts. ways of thinking, the huge barriers of values often cause the communication failure. people with different cultural backgrounds often encounter misunderstanding between each other even though they find little difficulties in understanding the literal meaning of their utterances.such miscommunication often happens, not because of the non-native speakers’grammatical incompetence as revealed in their inaccurate pronunciation or grammatical mistakes of the target language,but because of their pragmatic incompetence,which is called pragmatic failure as distinguished from grammatical error. therefore,pragmatic failure,which causes communication breakdown,has become more and more worthy of attention in cross-culture communication.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

2.1research contents设计基本内容

1 introduction 1

2 culture and cross-cultural communication 1

3. 研究计划与安排

There will be three stages: Firstly,the investigation about English pragmatic competence and pragmatic failure will start on 26, February 2018 and end on 19, March 2018. We will issue this questionnaire in the internet and welcome the students to answer it. Secondly,We will also randomly interview some students in the university on how they think about theirs English ability. By combining with these interviews, the investigation will start on 2 March 2018 and end on 1 August 2018. Thirdly, the collection of reference materials will be completed and statistics about pragmatic failure from the testing and interview will be counted. Fourthly,we will try to illustrate theoretically in a view of pragmatics based on the statistical analysis about the materials which are made out.We will also attempt to apply the negotiation strategy which is precisely to solve the problems in the communication and to promote the full understanding of each other 's intentions.The difficulty of this study is to analyze the causes of pragmatic failures in Chinese and Western cultures and their cultural influences.

4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

references

[1] amaya. l. teaching culture: is it possible toavoid pragmatic failure? revista

alicantina de estudios ingleses, 21, 2008.

[2] blum-kulka. s. amp; e. olshtain. too many words: length of utterance and