1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Literature review The term ”Skopos#8217; comes from the Greek and is used to refer to the purpose (Pan Pingliang (2006); Li Huikun (2003); Bian Jianhua (2006)). In the 1970s, functional translation theory emerged in Germany. Katharina Rice introduced functional category into translation criticism for the first time, connected language function, discourse type and translation strategy, developed a translation criticism model based on the functional relationship between source text and target text, and thus proposed the rudimental form of functionalism. Hans Vermeer proposed skopos theory, which freed translation studies from the bondage of the original source-centered theory. Drawing on the theories of communication and behavior, Justa Holz Manttari proposed the theory of translation behavior and further developed the functionalist translation theory, which regards translation as an interaction between people driven by purpose and oriented by translation results. Kristina Nord summarizes and perfects the functionalist theory comprehensively. This theory holds that translation is a purposeful activity based on the original text, which must be completed through negotiation. Translation must follow a series of laws, among which the law of purpose takes the lead. In other words, the translation depends on the purpose of the translation. In addition, translation should follow the "law of intralingual coherence" and "law of interlingual coherence". The former means that the translation must be internally coherent, which is understandable in the eyes of the recipient; while the latter means that there should also be coherence between the translation and the original. After these three principles are put forward, the criterion for judging translation is no longer "equivalence", but the adequacy of the translation to achieve the expected goal. Skopos theory mainly contains the following rules: the skopos rule, the coherence rule, the fidelity rule and the loyalty principle. The principles of coherence, fidelity and loyalty are subordinated to the principle of purpose, which is the primary principle of skopos theory. In the framework of skopos theory, one of the most important factors that determine the purpose of translation is the audience - the intended receivers of the translation, who have their own cultural background knowledge, expectations for the translation and communication needs. Each kind of translation points to a certain audience, so translation is "discourse produced for a certain purpose and target audience in the context of the target language" (Venuti2001：35). Jin Yong, whose real name is Zha Liangyong, is a successful martial arts novelist, and it is fitting to define him as a master of popular literature. Jin yong's martial arts novels greatly improved the ideological, cultural and artistic taste of traditional martial arts novels, including strong cultural flavor, rich historical knowledge and profound national spirit. With his artistic practice, he made modern martial arts novels enter the palace of literature for the first time, which was a quiet literary revolution. At present, there are not many English versions of Jin yong's martial arts novels. In 1993, Olivia Mok translated "Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain", and then Graham Earnshaw translated ”The Book and the Sword”, John Minford translated ”The Deer and the Cauldron”, Anna Holmwood translated ”The Legend of the Condor Heroes”. Minford also co-translated two chapters of The Deer and the Cauldron with David Hawkes in his early years and later became a professor and director of Chinese translation studies at the Department of Translation, Hong Kong Polytechnic University. During this time, he organized and translated three volumes of the novel "The Deer and the Cauldron", which was published between 1999 and 2002. Wu Yuguang (2010)studied the translation of Wei Xiaobao#8217; language in The Deer and the Cauldron from the perspective of Functional Translation Theory and found that Minford uses a dozen damnation such as ”Tuck them#8217;, ”my arse#8217;, ”rotten turtle#8217;, ”Turtle － spawn#8217;, ”Hot － piece tamardy#8217;, etc. Occasionally, several English words are used to translate the same Chinese word according to its different pragmatic functions and those words not only enrich the expressive force of the translation, but also can properly reflect the original pragmatic function, which conforms to the principle of "function plus loyalty" advocated by the functional translation school.However, his research focusing on gags, idioms and language use in different contexts does not adequately explain the cultural reasons for the translation strategy Minford adopted. Wu Yuguang (2011) takes the translation of the novel's protagonist Wei Xiaobao as the object of study, and through the analysis of representative instances of translated text sentences, finds that Minford attaches great importance to the cultural conflicts reflected in English and Chinese and the receptivity of the English readers. In his translation of Wei Xiaobao's language, he mostly adopted communicative translation mode where there were cultural conflicts, and used literal translation, free translation and other methods to "recast" the original text to ensure the transmission of the original information. This paper holds that the translation mode and strategy adopted by the translator in translating texts with unique cultural meanings are closely related to his translation purpose, his attitude towards the two cultures, his understanding of the cultural background and receptivity of the target language readers and other factors. Minford faithfully reproduced Chinese culture in the English translation of The Deer and the Cauldron, making it a classic text to spread Chinese martial arts culture. Lv Zongli (1999) analyzed the Wei Xiaobao#8217;s use of swear words in The Deer and the Cauldron by taking in account of his social-cultural the background . He found that Jin Yong#8217;s use of swearing words not only helps position Wei Xiabao#8217;s image, but also helps reveals his origin, cultural background. What#8217;s more, the swear words also helps to highlight the image of Wei Xiabao, advance the plot of the novel, adjust the mood of the story, and make a ”living, fresh jump " civic hero from the page. It means that the translation of the swear words are more relevant to the place where Wei Xiaobao were born, obtained the local culture and formed the personalities. Chen Gang (2006) argues that ”naturalization” will be a major and overall strategy. It is based on the objective description of translation practice, including the function or purpose of translation and the translator#8217;s view of translation, decision-making in translation practice, translation norms, etc. More importantly, the acceptability of cultural heterogeneity is the effectiveness of cultural communication. As for my perspective, besides combining all of these strategies and skills mentioned in the references, Minford adopted the means of using different strategies under different circumstances. What#8217;s more, following the skopos theory, Minford translated swear words according to the diverse contexts by followingthe rules of coherence, fidelity and loyalty. References

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Methodology The purpose of this article is to study and analyze Minford#8217;s translation of Wei Xiaobao#8217;s swear words in The Deer and the Cauldron, and then to make a conclusion on the frequent-used strategies and skills of translation. All those done are expected to make contributions to the English translation of martial arts novels. In the first step, I will separate the swear words translated into several varieties and analyse which method professor Minford used to translate. Then, I will clarify the good effects professor Minford#8217;s method of translation make on the English version of The Deer and the Cauldron.