1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. introduction 1.1 research background thomas hardy is one of the most outstanding writers in the history of english literature. one of the main purposes of his generation of literary creation is to depict the real life. his thoughts are reflected in characters in his novels, which shows the principle of realism. his early and middle works are mainly novels, inheriting the literary tradition of the victorian era . in the later years, he developed and innovated the 20th century english literature with his outstanding poems. his characters are just the ordinary people in society, where the weakness of human nature exist. he appeals to us that the relationships between man and nature, men and women attract much attention among all folks of people. he is good in catching women' s subtle psychological activities and harmony between human beings and nature. besides, he also pays attention to the women' s inner emotional world and the changes of fate. he calls for social care and respect for women all of which reflects the bright feminist color. hardy published nearly 20 novels in his lifetime-tess of the d#8217;urbervilles, jude the obscure, the return of the native and the mayor of casterbridge. there are 918 poems in 8 episodes, in addition to many short and medium stories named "wessex story", and the long epic drama "kings". he plays an important role in promoting the progress of social thought, whether in the past ages or in the modern society. his novels including tess of the d'urbervilles has a great historical significance in the real society, helping to build a human society with harmony and equality between genders. in the late 19th century, britain became the world's leading industrial power after the rapid development of the industrial revolution. the development of industry has eroded the patriarchal order of the traditional agricultural society in britain and disrupted the various lifestyles and habits of farmers formed in the rural and pastoral environment for a long time. many simple and honest farmers suffered pains at this time. they had to turn from a self-sufficient economy to agricultural workers who were employed and exploited by others. on the one hand, realism novelist thomas hardy as a witness witness changes during the period of end of the 19th century victorian with full of contradictions in his heart. on the one hand, his attachment to rural and pastoral scenery made him feel sick to see machines replace manual labor. tess of the d 'urbervilles is produced in this context. under these backgrounds, it is an significant to study the feminism of tess of the d 'urbervilles. 1.2 need of the study feminism, also known as the feminist movement and women' s rights has taken a significant part in history. it not only means a social theory and political movement to fight against gender discrimination, but also appeal for a better modern world. apart from the criticism of social relations, feminists also use all kinds of methods to analyze the gender inequality and the improvement of the rights. all of these are based on their interests and issues for the people who live in the least bottom of society such as some women and transgenders. feminism is just like a mirror reflecting the secret of the historical values and weaknesses of human beings. as for what we can acquire from the misunderstanding, it tells us that the the consequences of sexism should not be repeated in our time. in his book, hardy depicts the impact of the emerging industrialization and urban civilization on the old, rural wessex region, revealing the hypocritical morality that imprisoned the public, stressed chastity and suppressed women's social status. tess's tragic fate reflects the background of that era with economic poverty, unreasonable legal system, hypocritical religion and false morality of the bourgeoisie. tess's tragedy is the product of the society at that time, so tess's tragedy is also a social tragedy. the study can help us understand the victorian age better and reflect matters of our current society. 1.3. literature review this novel has always been regarded as one of the most significant novels in british history, along with the reputation, many experts and scholars expressed their opinions on the novel. he liuqing (2013) expressed his views on feminism. literature is a true reflection of the times. the development of feminism has gone through a long historical period. the interpretation of feminism in literary works was related to the development of feminism in the society at that time. it was the manifestation of feminism in literary works in the social era, and it also influenced people's view of feminism in the society. wang ming(2004) also shows readers something about feminism. tess of the d 'urbervilles describes the tragic fate of a woman in a patriarchal society. it reflects that the oppression of women by men in the male-centered society is the main reason for this phenomenon. its author, hardy, made a certain contribution to the later flourishing feminist movement. he ning（2011）starts from the study of his life, the history of hardy studies to analyze hardy' s creative career and achievements, as well as his acceptance and dissemination in the east and the west, which not only reviews the development of western literature research in the past 100 years, but also reflects the chinese reader's understanding, criticism and absorption of western culture. works cited cameron, d. (1985). feminism and linguistic theory. london: macmillan． fairclough, n. (1989). language and power. harlow: longman. thomas hardy. (1998). tess of the d#8217;urbervilles. usa: washington square press. 何柳青（2013）， 试论文学作品中的女性主义和男性主义#8212;#8212;以《简#8226;爱》和《德 伯家的苔丝》为例。

《作家》, (20):79-80。

长春：吉林《作家》协会主办。

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1.Research Topic This study will show that Tess's tragic fate is a reflection of the background of an era with economic poverty, unreasonable legal system, hypocritical religion and false morality of the bourgeoisie. Therefore, Tess's tragedy is not just individual, but social. Furthermore, the researcher wants to praise feminism and the necessity of feminism in the current age. In today's era, discrimination against women still exists. Study of feminism is conducive to break the limit, strengthening the understanding of the feminine personality and praise. 2.Research Methods The study mainly uses the methods of feminist perspective interpretation. In this way, the connotation of the novel has become prominent. Besides，Contrast is also adopted. By comparing two things in order to show their similarities and differences, the figure can be more vivid. The comparisons between conditions in 19th era and current will highlight the topic of the study.