1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. introduction 1.1 research background the scarlet letter is a famous novel by hawthorne, an american writer in the 19th century. it has been loved by readers since it was translated into china in the 1950s. its immortal charm is that it not only ruthlessly smothers the trampling of the puritan ruling on human nature, but more importantly, the author's affirmation of human nature. the purpose of the study is to show through the analysis of the main characters in the novel, under the suppression of puritanism, the distortion of human nature and the suppression of self, showing the pursuit of beauty, happiness and freedom, thus exposing the author's social background at that time, his understanding of good and evil in a religious environment. 1.2 need of the study the scarlet lette is hawthorne's first novel. after the book was published in 1850, hawthorne became famous and became the most important writer recognized at that time. hawthorne further referred to his "romantic history" as "psychological romance", which shows its emphasis on psychology. the reason why he attaches importance to psychological description is that he is confusing the spirit and the soul with the influence of the times and religions. he believes that since the soul has good and evil, love and hatred, and sin, it should be revealed, and it has been punishable and promoted. on the other hand, people's behavior and behavior have their psychological basis. if they do not engage themselves in psychological excavation, the characters can only stay on the surface and must appear superficial. for those readers who are accustomed to reading traditional chinese characters, they may feel that the going of the story is slower, but he is the originator of american psychoanalytic novels. this work has been worshipped for so many years, and the critics have never stopped paying attention to this work. today, the scarlet letter is recognized as an immortal handed down work, and hawthorne has been highly praised. 1.3. literature review in china, many scholars have conducted in-depth research on the scarlet letter. some scholars analyze his ideological theme from the social background and story structure of the works. some scholars also show the women of the era in the era of the times reflected in the works. the self-seeking of marriage and love is studied. some scholars analyze the symbolism used in the works, but most scholars still focus on the psychology, image and character analysis of the hero and heroine in the scarlet letter; they analyze the human nature of the three main protagonists to explore the influence of puritanism on human nature. there are many works that study the influences of religion on hawthorne and how hawthorne and other writers at that age shared their views on human good and evil under the religious influence. for example, zhan wenjie#8217;s an analysis of the humanism thought in the renaissance and its historical influence(2011), wang yimeng#8217;s hawthorne's subversion of puritanism in the scarlet letter (2010) and mi yaning#8217;s the influence of puritanism on early north american literature (2010). works cited brotton.j，赵国新(2007)，《文艺复兴简史》。

北京: 外语教学与研究出版社 johnson.c.d (2009）.a literary analysis of the scarlet letter. 北京：中国人民大学出版社。

manchester.m. (2017). a world lit only by fire: the medieval mind and the renaissance: portrait of an age，张晓璐，罗志强译。

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1. Research Topic This paper mainly studies Hawthorne's views on good and evil in the Scarlet Letter, and how he formed this kind of view, and what are the factors. When studying the concept of good and evil in that era, the researcher will also discuss the two problems: whether human definitions of good and evil should change with the times, and how shall we take the essence and discard the dregs at the same times. 2. Research Methods To explore how Hawthorne's own concept of good and evil is reflected in The Scarlet Letter, the researcher has read the works, analyzed the main ideas and spiritual beliefs of the article, the pursuit of value, etc. More materials will be collected and read, so that the the protagonists in the works can be deeply understood.