1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. introduction 1.1 research background william golding (1911-1993) was a british novelist, playwright, and poet. best known for his novel lord of the flies, he won a nobel prize in literature and was awarded the booker prize for fiction in 1980 for his novel rites of passage. his novels are rich in moral implication and are widely integrated with classical literature, mythology, christian culture and symbolism. the themes of his works are generally related to darkness and evil, but his novels also express a dim optimism. lord of the flies (1954), golding's first novel, accentuated his constant theme: the natural struggle of barbarism against civilization. the book focuses on a group of british boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves. although it did not have great success after being released#8212;selling fewer than three thousand copies in the united states during 1955 before going out of print#8212;it soon went on to become a best-seller. it has been adapted to film twice in english, in 1963 by peter brook and 1990 by harry hook, and once in filipino by lupita a. concio (1975). the novel has been generally well received. it was named in the modern library 100 best novels, reaching number 41 on the editor's list, and 25 on the reader's list. in 2003 it was listed at number 70 on the bbc's the big read poll, and in 2005 time magazine named it as one of the 100 best english-language novels from 1923 to 2005. 1.2 need of the study the good and evil of human nature is always an unavoidable problem in the history of human development. since modern times, with the continuous development of science and technology, human beings are full of optimism about the future, more and more people believe that the power of science and democracy can conquer everything, and human rationality and wisdom are invincible. however, the two world wars of the 20th century, especially the second world war, brought almost devastating disasters to mankind, which caused mankind to begin to rethink about human nature. therefore, even in the absence of war today, the re-study of lord of the flies is still of profound practical significance. the study of the theme of human evil in golding's novel has always been the focus of critical attention, because the analysis of the theme of good and evil in this novel is conducive to a better understanding of the gist of golding's novel, and can provide readers with a better perspective to interpret the connotation of the novel. moreover, there is a rational understanding and thinking of the good and evil in the novel, so as to retrain the good side of human nature which is neglected by human beings. 1.3. literature review in 1983, william golding won the nobel prize for literature for this work, and lord of the flies was paid more and more attention in the world. in 1981, chen kun published an article in”dushu”magazine to open the prelude to the study of this classic literature in china. to date, this work has been published for more than 60 years, and has been studied in china for 38 years. the study involves many angles, such as religion, moral ethics, human nature, feminism, narrative structure, mythological archetypes, symbolism and so on. some do research from the perspective of evil nature. chen kun(1981) points out that lord of the flies explores the existence of the evil side of human nature. on the one hand, golding acknowledged that the civilization played an active role in the process of overcoming the animal nature. on the other hand, he also believed that the role of civilization in comparison with the evil in human nature was extremely weak, so long as conditions changed, animal nature would break through the barriers of civilization and become uncontrollable. zhang helong (2002) analyzed the reason why the theme of evil nature was widely accepted in chinese academic circles. he argued that this is closely related to the character of the present-day chinese, the traditional culture of”born with good benefits”and the thought of humanitarianism reviving after the reform and opening-up. some researchers have analyzed the explicit deletion and implicit regression of female consciousness. chen fengyan(2005) studied the causes of female dominant deficiency in lord of the flies from the perspective of phallus central cultural view. she pointed out that golding's creation of lord of the flies came at a time when women were becoming stronger and male dominance was beginning to be threatened, so golding tried to strengthen the cultural dominance of men through the creation of culture. in order to restrain women's self-awakening and self-liberation, male authority is highlighted by depicting a world in which women are completely absent. at the same time, some scholars began to study the creative intention of female explicit absence of golding. it is considered that golding is negating the existence of women on the surface, but it is the recessive return of women to emphasize the importance of women's presence. wang weixin (2006) points out that lord of the flies constructs the text against the background of female absence, but its main purpose is not to maintain the phallus culture. on the contrary, through the establishment to collapse of the phallus culture, to prove the importance of the presence of women, profoundly revealed that the irreversible fact that the phallus culture, characterized by repression and exclusion of women, is bound to collapse. in recent years, some people have analyzed the lord of the flies from a new perspective of ecological criticism. luo jiaohui (2013) discussed three kinds of imbalances on the island: the absence of natural ecological environment, the imbalance of social ecology and the imbalance of spiritual ecology, and pointed out the deterioration of the relationship between man and nature means the imbalance of natural ecology which will eventually lead to the imbalance of social ecology. at the same time, the imbalance of natural environment and social ecology will inevitably lead to the alienation of human spirit, that is, the imbalance of human spiritual ecology. only by returning to nature, integrating with nature and respecting nature, can human beings avoid the imbalance of individual spiritual ecology and the emergence of human social disaster. the lord of the flies has been studied in china for 38 years. with the development of social economy, culture and environment, scholars' research perspectives and methods are increasingly developing in the direction of diversification, and the research on the same problem continues to be in-depth. the research results are also ”a hundred schools of thought, a hundred flowers bloom”. works cited liwei sun. (2017). civilization and savagery on isolated islands: comparison of robinson crusoe and lord of the flies. proceedings of northeast asia international symposium on linguistics, literature and teaching(1). shi shuangshuang.(2010). interpreting the theme and characters of lord of the flies by carl jung#8217;s theory of the collective unconscious. english department foreign languages college inner mongolia university. 陈光明、李洋（2013），国内威廉#183;戈尔丁研究30年回眸，《当代外国文学》，南京：南京大学外国文学研究所，（01）：43-53。

陈焜（1981），人性恶的忧虑#8212;#8212;谈谈威廉#183;戈尔丁的《蝇之王》，《读书》,北京：中国出版集团，（05）：109-113。

陈枫艳（2005），论《蝇王》中女性的缺场，《常州工学院学报(社科版)》，常州：常州工学院，（03）：63-65,76。

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1.Research Topic This topic focuses on analyzing the main characters in the novel and discussing the the humanity of good and evil, from the aspects of their character, behavior and ending. The profound connotation of the works is: although the author thinks that human nature has good and evil, the evil side is the mainstream; he also believes that the good of human nature is not lost, and only through self-redemption, goodness and civilization can overcome barbarism and evil. In addition, William Golding's Lord of the Flies is called mythology or fable. The characters, objects and environment in the novel are all of specific symbolic significance. Through these symbolic meanings in the novel, we can more deeply understand the theme and connotation of the novel. In Lord of the Flies, symbolism runs through the storyline of the whole novel. Therefore, a correct grasp of the use of symbolism theory in the novel can make this topic sound. Secondly, the overall grasp of the story plot of the novel is important. As far as Lord of the Flies is concerned, although the plot is simple, it plays an significant role in the change of good and evil in the theme of the novel. And grasping the connection between the plot of the novel, can make this topic more fully reasoning. 2.Research Methods This paper focuses on the analysis of the themes of good and evil by studying the use of symbolism in the main characters of the novel. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the grasp of symbolism theory. Symbolism prevailed in European literature in the late 19th century and early 20th century, in response to naturalism and realism. Symbolism works are complex in content and meticulous in conception. They use a large number of hints and symbols to metaphorically represent the inner world of human beings in order to resonate with the readers.