A Critical Analysis of Different Destinies between Laila and Mariam in A Thousand Splendid Suns from the Perspective of Growth Education 从成长教育的视角分析《灿烂千阳》中莱拉与玛利亚姆的不同命运文献综述
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1. Introduction 1.1 Research background Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghan, and moved to the United States in 1980 with his family. The background of Afghanistan gave him access to the deep portrait of those Afghanistan women. Compared with his first novel, The Kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns, published in 2007 in New York, features the miserable life of Afghan women. After its publication, A Thousand Splendid Suns quickly goes viral, grabbing worldwide attention. It is this book that marks the maturity of Hosseini#8217;s writing skills and further establishes his remarkable status in modern American literary world. Mariam and Laila, the main characters of the book, were two different stereotypes of those Afghanistan women, but on account of ruthless war, they met each other and shared one husband, Rasheed. At the beginning, they didn#8217;t get along well with each other. As time goes by, the familiar suffering makes them let go of the former hostility and combine together closely. Mariam and Laila, both the main characters in the novel, represent the oppressed Afghan women under the patriarchy society, and Mariam#8217;s initiation process, from obedience to struggle, shines like splendid suns for other fellow sufferers. Though they epitomize the same type, they differ from each other greatly even from their childhood since they grow up in different families. Therefore, their own choice of life and understanding of the world have very little in common. That is to say, the environment surrounding each child, especially education background, affects them and plays an essential part in their shaping of value. The main point, ”education” is what this paper is going to focus on. 2. Literature review Previous study on A Thousand Splendid Suns focus mainly on such perspectives like feminism (ecofeminism), analysis on characters, narration and initiation story. In terms of feminism (ecofeminism), many essays have been written over this viewpoint. According to Liu Zhe (2011) and Cao Wangru (2017), nature resembles females in the common qualities, like softness and inclusiveness, and that human dominate nature signifies men#8217;s control over women. In their essay, males#8217; attempt to dominate over everything is to blame for females#8217; tragedies in a large part, and female can regain freedom and dignity through relentless fighting. However, females can truly achieve equality with males when they maintain self-dignity and gain economic independence, as it is suggested in the essay by Yang Yanqing (2011). As for the analysis of characters, main characters, such as Mariam, Laila and Jalil have been thoroughly discussed. Qin Yukun (2015) analyzes Mariam#8217;s whole life mixed with her initiation process in details. Li Xinmei (2018) gives a deep interpretation of Nana#8217;s abnormal love and coward behavior to unveil the prevailing pressure and oppression over females in Afghan society. Hou Yingying (2018) analyzes Jalil#8217;s behavior thoroughly to show his ambivalent attitude towards Mariam. When it comes to initiation story, some people have expressed their view. Lu Longwei (2015) analyzes Mariam#8217;s initiation process since childhood and declares the significance of owning a road leader. According to Li Aiai and Wang Qingyong (2015), A Thousand Splendid Suns is a typical initiation story which owns the basic elements composing an initiation story, with Laila at the center. Duan Lingling (2016), emphasizes the importance of self-awareness in protecting oneself from being squeezed and even hurt for females stuck in a male-dominant society. Narration is also a widely-researched viewpoint. Fan Jinhong and Zhang Xuemei (2010) explain the unique narration techniques used by Hosseini, such as polyphony, which rivet worldwide attention for the author. Xu Xiaohong and Zhao Qi (2009) focus on explaining the application of transformational internal foculization, which makes the novel more vivid and impressing. Other perspectives include new historicism, trauma and post colonialism. Zhang Ling (2010) analyzes the theme of the novel: the redemption of love, using cultural history of Afghan and the author#8217;s own life experience combined, from the perspective of new historicism. Zhang Li (2016) analyzes the background of the novel, thus disclose the miserable burden of patriarchy and colonialism over Afghan women. Li Aiai and Wang Qingyong (2015) discuss the process of two heroines healing the trauma amid social disorder, domestic violence and ruthless war and then declare the irreplaceability of having unfading faith inside one#8217;s mind. 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