1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Literature Review This chapter consists of three sections. Section 2.1 gives brief introduction to Work Report. Section 2.2 provides a general explanation of Ecolinguistics and an ecological analytical framework for discourse. Section 2.3 reviews relevant empirical researches, including researches on Work Report and studies in the field of Ecolinguistics. 2.1 Brief introduction to Work Report Report on the Work of the Government, Work Report in brief, is a form of official documents addressed by the government of the People#8217;s Republic of China. Governments at all levels must publish such reports in front of the presidium, representatives and members of CPPCC at local People#8217;s Congress and Political Consultative Conference. The most important work report is the one addressed by the premier of the State Council at the National People#8217;s Congress and the Chinese People#8217;s Political Consultative Conference. This work report includes a review of work over the past year, the overall requirements and policy direction for economic and social development in the current year, and propose for the work of government in the current year. It is made for the deliberation and approval from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People#8217;s Political Consultative Conference. As a work report, it should be comprehensive and objective. Key points should be highlighted. Innovation is striven for content and form while simple style is a significant principle. Because of the government#8217;s leadership in China, this report receives extensive attention. Since Work Report gives guidance to the work of government in the current year and is extensively read by Chinese people, it should be cautiously treated, no matter its content or form. 2.2 General explanation of Ecolinguistics 2.2.1 Approaches to Ecolinguistics Ecolinguistics is a branch of language research that has been developed in recent decades. To be specific, ecolinguistics is a subject which examines the influence of language on the life-sustaining relationships of humans with each other, with other organisms and with the natural environment. Alexander Stibbe (2014) also define it as the study of the impact of language on the life-sustaining relationships among humans, other organisms and the physical environment. It can be clearly concluded that ecolinguistics is normatively orientated towards preserving relationships which sustain life. Up till now, there have been two Ecolinguistic research approaches that are commonly recognized by ecolinguists, including Haugenian Approach (Haugen, 1972) and Hallidayan Approach (Halliday, 1990). However, these two approaches have essential differences. In Einar Haugen#8217; s mind (Haugen, 1972/2001: 57), ecolinguistics should focus on the interaction of any particular language with its environment. That is to say, the environment of any particular language is the specific community which uses this language as one of its codes, and the situation of this environment partly decides how the language develops. Yet Halliday develops ecolinguistics in another different way. He attaches most importance to how language can impact its environment and emphasizes the relationship of language with growthism, species characteristics and species formation. These two research approaches influence the trend of two major branches of ecological linguistics. One is using the same way to study language in its environment as understanding the concept of ecology from a metaphorical perspective. The other is to study what influence language has had on the improvement or aggravation of environment by understanding ecological concepts from an ecological perspective, and advocate language research as a possible solution to environmental problems. 2.2.2 An ecological analytical framework for discourse Eco-discourse analysis is not a subordinate field of critical discourse analysis, but a study that transcends specific cultures. Its research objects and purposes are more extensive and profound than CDA. To promote the development of eco-discourse analysis and ecolinguistics, He Wei Zhang Ruijie (2017) propose an ecological analytical framework for discourse through a discussion of the interactive relationship between human beings and other ecological components in human living places, intending to provide theoretical bases for ecolinguistic research. The proposed framework refines and extends the transitivity, mood, modality, appraisal, theme and information systems within Systemic Functional Linguistics from the perspective of ecology. Within such a framework, discourses with various linguistic features and patterns are divided into eco-beneficial, eco-destructive and eco-ambivalent ones. Henceforth, linguists will promote eco-beneficial discourses, resist eco-destructive discourses and properly guide eco-ambivalent ones. 2.3 Reviews of relevant empirical researches 2.3.1 Researches on Work Report Due to the key role of Report on the Work of the Government, many Chinese scholars have made researches on it from many different perspectives. Some study Work Report to understand development concepts of the government and strengthen people#8217;s confidence on our government (Zheng, 2018). Many focus on the translation strategies of Work report and make suggestions to improve the translation of political discourse (Chen Liu, 2017; Hu Tian, 2018). Also, there are some scholars who try to find out how the government use language to establish the target image through Work report (Zhang, 2015; Zhang Zhou, 2018). However, although there are some researches developed from the perspective of ecological translation, few researches in the field of ecolinguistics have been caried out. Compared with ecological translation, ecolinguistics cares more about the interaction between language and the nature it serves for, rather than only focusing on language itself. Meanwhile, ecology is one of the most urgent and concerned problem in the world at present. How long human beings can live on the earth depends on how we get along with our environment. Since China is a government-guided country and Work Report shows proposes for the current year of our government, every word in Work Report is seriously learned by the public. Thereby, if Work report can be issued in eco-friendly words, the public are probably led to cultivate the idea of living in an eco-beneficial way. From this point of view, it is needed to study Work Report from the perspective of Ecolinguistics. At the same time, this study may provide a new view of studying Work Report. 2.3.2 Ecolinguistic studies Most of the foreign ecolinguistic researches draw on the theory of critical discourse analysis (CDA). For example, Carvalho (2005) studies the impact of political inclination in media discourse on climate change. Goatly (2006) studies the ecological significance of a metaphor -Human beings are animals. Stibbe Zunino (2008) makes an interpretation of ecological diversity under the CDA model. Drawing on the CDA model, these studies analyze the ecological significance of discourse from multiple perspectives to achieve a same goal-- Emphasize the ecological impact of language and advocate attention to use correct language. In China, many linguistics have begun to introduce and study ecolinguistics. Zheng Tongtao (1985) and Li Guozheng (1987,1991) are the two who earliest started to study ecolinguistics. Many other scholars have also published papers on ecolinguistics, such as Zhang Gongjing (2001), Fan Junjun (2005), Huang Guowen (2016) and He Wei Zhang Ruijie (2017). However, among the current research papers, most of them are to introduce theories and methods of ecolinguistics. Some articles are just comments on ecolinguistic. For example, Huang (2017) studies what can be learnt from Systemic Functional Linguistics to develop Ecolinguistics. Huang Zhao (2017) introduce the origin, objective, principles and methods of eco-discourse analysis. Even those empirical researches are focused on improving teaching methodology (Wang, 2013; Hao, 2018) and protecting minority languages (Wang Xu, 2014; Wang, 2018). All in all, few ecolinguistic research analyzes political discourses. As China is a government-guided country, political discourses play a quite significant role in people#8217;s daily life. For example, what Work Report says and how it expresses influence people#8217;s attitude towards economic and social development. In this way, there is no doubt that Work report should be published in ecological words to promote a balance between our society and the nature.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

.Methodology This part will be divided into three parts. Section 3.1 elaborates the research questions. Section 3.2 introduces the way to collect discourse. Section 3.3 presents the methods that will be adopted to analyze the discourse. 3.1 Research questions This study will analyze report on the work of the government for 2018 from the perspective of ecolinguistics, based on the ecological analytical framework for discourse proposed by He Wei Zhang Ruijie (2017). It focuses on the following questions: (1)Are there eco-beneficial, eco-destructive or eco-ambivalent types of eco-language in Work Report of 2018? (2)How does eco-language represent the attribute of being eco-beneficial, eco-destructive or eco-ambivalent? (3)What factors influence the choice of three types of eco-language? 3.2 Discourse collection Report on the Work of the government for 2018 is delivered by Li Keqiang, premier of the State Council, at the First Session of the 13th National People#8217;s Congress of the People#8217;s Republic of China on March 5, 2018. It is a conclusion to the Chinese government#8217;s work of the past five years and lays out what the government proposes for work in 2018. This report is made for the deliberation and approval from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People#8217;s Political Consultative Conference. The current study will take the official version of the report and its translation issued by the State Council as research material. Both its Chinese and English version are studied in the research while more attention is attached to the English version. Compared with Chinese, English has more grammar rules. Taking passive voice as an example, while human beings are the all-time subjects in common Chinese sentences, anything else can be the subject in an English sentence. As in a sentence, the subject is the action initiator, or the leader of the world, or the one to blame. In the English version of Work Report, the government#8217;s attitude towards the nature is clear after analyzing subjects in the sentences. Since mostly human beings are the subjects while resources are always objects, it is clear that human beings are viewed as rulers while resources are only something to be controlled and used. This idea actually leads to overuse of resources. In this way, there is no doubt that the English version of Work Report reveals more attitudes of our government than the Chinese one. Moreover, as a big country in the world, China receives numberless international attention. To take China#8217;s responsibility as a great power and lead more countries to protect our earth together, the English version of Work Report should be more seriously considered. 3.3 Discourse analysis The current research analyzes Work Report of 2018 based on an ecological analytical framework for discourse proposed by He Wei Zhang Ruijie (2017). This framework draws on Systemic Functional Linguistics which is raised by Halliday in 1994. Since Halliday put forward that language metafunctions include experience, interpersonal, and textual functions, this framework is also developed on the basis of these three functions. Then, analysis in this study is also carried out in these three language metafunctions. Firstly, with the ecological analytical framework for discourse as a principle, this article finds out whether there are eco-beneficial, eco-destructive or eco-ambivalent types of eco-language in Work Report of 2018. Secondly, it picks out some sentences and paraphrases to explain why they are defined as eco-beneficial, eco-destructive or eco-ambivalment, mainly from the perspective of eco-language representation. Finally, according to the present social and economic situation in China, factors influencing the choice of these three types of eco-language are found out.