1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Literature Review Hemingway's ideology is not to break, but to stand up where it is broken. The code hero in Hemingway's early works is an invincible warrior, reflecting the enterprising spirit of young Hemingway, while the code hero in his later years is a tough man who has been gone through the vicissitudes of life, a spiritual victor who is frustrated but unwilling to fail. This thesis mainly analyzes the code hero in Hemingway#8217;s three short stories and find the difference between his later works and offers suggestions and assumption to Hemingway#8217;s studies in China. A large number of scholars and experts have shown their concern about the code hero in Hemingway#8217;s short stories and all of them put forward their particular opinion and theory. Among the documents that I refer to, some of them share the same research topic but from wholly different aspects. Philip (1976) demonstrated that the hero is almost the same, that is, Hemingway#8217;s hero was unique in at least one respect. Hemingway took the hero and his code, but scorned the stereotypes of the commercial action story. He wrote about the real world, rejecting romantic conventions and niceties of language, and used a uniquely individual style to transmute a traditional code hero into living literature. As to the analysis on a specific story, James (1971) systematically explained the code relates to grace under pressure, in pain, and is consistent with the way in which Hemingway viewed himself, his art by the introduction of Fifty Grand, either in writing technique or in contents. Furthermore, Scott (1973) elaborated the most important aspect of the narrative strategy of The Undefeated which is the use of changes or expansions in the narrative perspective as a means of controlling and developing his characterization of the story#8217;s protagonist. In contemporary society, a great number of Chinese scholars hold positive attitudes towards the Code Hero in Hemingway#8217;s works, believing the Code Hero will leave a good influence on our life. An (2017) illustrated the characteristic of Santiago, the most typical code hero, and held the view that the use of image gives the novel a mysterious coloring. Guo (2016) introduced three typical code heroes in different times briefly and held the point that Santiago was a perfect hero who show grace under heavy pressure. Zhang (2010) also chose some code heroes and analyzed the relationship between these heroes#8217; life experiences and Hemingway#8217;s life vicissitude. Zhang and Guo both demonstrated the growth of code heroes and its practical significance for us. In addition, Zhuo (1995) analyzed the characteristics of Jack, the code hero in Fifty Grand, through which we can see the brutal killing in the boxing ring and the conspiracy and deception outside the boxing ring. This short story shaped Jack as an introverted, simple, lonely and tough man. Song (2015) used the view of sport metaphor to introduce the plot of the novel and described the images in it. Jia (2013) told that Harold Bloom viewed Hemingway as a great master in short stories and Hemingway#8217;s novels are just like the combination of excellent short stories. However, I can hardly find essays focusing on his short stories when I look up relevant essays. Therefore, this thesis will mainly analyze the code hero in Hemingway#8217;s three short stories and find the difference between his later works and offers suggestions and assumption to Hemingway#8217;s studies in China. Conclusion As we can see that many researchers have studied Hemingway#8217;s novels from various perspectives. This thesis chooses to discuss the leading heroes of Hemingway#8217;s three short stories to study the code hero in his short stories. This thesis analyzes these short stories mainly from the discussion on code heroes and presents more points of view in exploring various code heroes including their language, strange behaviors and mind so as to reveal the profound significance and find out new values of research. Hemingway's ideology is not to break, but to stand up where it is broken. The protagonists in these short stories injured mentally or physically, but they were never defeated. These flesh and blood figures are the losers in life, but they are the victors in spirit, which is popular in Europe.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Methods and Procedures of the Study By referring to a large number of relevant books, I master the core materials of my thesis. And then a copy of the original books and the translation editions are vital, which directly affects the depth and the quality of the analysis. In addition, I need to find all kinds of electronic databases, search the same kind of writing materials, find the foothold of writing, and expand the way of thinking on this basis. Before I set about my intensive reading, I read the introduction of Hemingway and his writing styles on the Internet. After having a vague impression on the background, I focus on intensive reading. Jotting down significant vocabulary and the sentences is helpful for me to quote as proofs of the thesis statement. During the process of detailed reading, I pay attention to the description of code heroes especially languages and mental process of man characters. Feedback of reading is required to be recorded, including summarizing the general idea of the whole story and writing down my opinion on these characters. Meanwhile, extensive information about author should be collected; relative references like papers written by bachelors are required. From those articles and studies, I am informed with the previous discussion on the book and accordingly can modify my views while bring forward my argument. Last but not the least, useful advice from my supervisor is of great help. She offers me pertinent advice. There is no denying that reading books, taking notes, collecting related material, and discussing with my supervisor are the main methods of this study. Ultimately, I draw the outline of my paper. The first chapter of my thesis will be the introduction to the author, the book, and the background of society, because Earnest Hemingway was such a great novelist and his works had an impact on the next generations. The second chapter of my thesis will be the literature review. The third chapter consists of the characteristics of code hero, and then follows representative code heroes in Hemingway#8217;s works and the influence of code hero on his life, ended with conclusion.