1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. Introduction 1.1 Research background[少一部分 作者和作品简单介绍] That John Maxwell Coetzee, a white South African novelist, has emerged as one of literati in the world is not regarded with some fluke. An unproductive writer as he is, John Maxwell Coetzee#8217;s ten works are high-quality, winging acclaim. Besides, with a Ph.D in Literature, rich experiences and complicated social contexts in South Africa, it is not impossible that it will be conducive to John Maxwell Coetzee#8217;s literary creation. After graduation, John Maxwell Coetzee went to Britain to be an university professor in the wake of being an engineer. When in Britain, John Maxwell Coetzee worked in different cities like London, Cambridge and Elder marston for three years. Currently, John Maxwell Coetzee has migrated to Adelaide, in Australia, leading a peaceful and slow-pace life. John Maxwell Coetzee's novels are cleverly-crafted, which is evident in wise dialogue and dialectical thinking. Meanwhile, he is a sceptics who has laid sharp criticism on the cruel rationalism and hypocrisy in the western civilization. It is his honesty that depletes all self-deception. His first novel, Dusklands, manifests his ”empathy#8217; ability, for the first time, that John Maxwell Coetzee can probe deep into other people#8217;s heart and soul. Dusklands reads that a man who works for American government during the Vietnam war, is under the illusion that he invented an invincible system focusing on shaking enemy army#8217;s mentality and morale, but in reality, his personal life is in chaos. The ”empathy#8217; ability is also crucial in his following works like In the Heart of the Country, Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace that I vitally appreciates . This thesis makes an analysis of female images in Disgrace, John Maxwell Coetzee#8217; magnum opus. John Maxwell Coetzee was Nobel literature laureate in 2003. According to related documents, it is found that the prevailing perspective about the theme is relevant to disgrace as well as its expense. Specifically, certain individuals argue that Lucy, the main female role, who is ill-educated and lacks economic status, has no choice but to keep her land. [This part seems to have closer connection with the following part , doesn#8217;t it?]1.2 Need for the study It is a social issue that women#8217;s living plight in impoverished countries, at some level, is neglected. Under this circumstance, the female are not only subject to patriarchy and gender discrimination, but also deprived of the right to education and freedom. What frustrates us enormously is that they are even not conscious of the importance of education and freedom, and take it for granted that only men can have access to education and freedom. The tragedy that their sense of identity and power of discourse have been lost for a long time makes it tremendously significant to figure out the causes in order to dig underprivileged women out of a hole. My view is that measuring female behaviors in Disgrace allows us to compare the similar plots and reality, and it is beneficial to coming up with an approach to alleviating this problem. African women#8217;s efforts to be their own masters provides themselves a chance to be respected. John Maxwell Coetzee describes the similar condition in new South Africa where African women who have long been vulnerable to gender disparity, racial discrimination, enslavement and oppression like those disadvantaged female groups in the contemporary world, start to have initiative to pursue freedom and personal identity, and become sensible of their noticeable value. Their resistance to the patriarchy reflects their wish to eradicate colonization and inequality. Besides, Lucy#8217;s attitude to misfortune deserves our contemplation. Being attacked by two men and a boy, Lucy refuses Lurie#8217;s advice to [So there#8217;s a contrast o f the two females?? In your paper?]call police and prefers to remain silent. Their behaviors vary drastically, wheres all revolting against a patriarchal society in the New South Africa due to the fact that their behavior challenges the traditional female images. 1.3 Purpose of writing This paper, to some extent, agrees with it that the theme is the price of trans-racial survival when Lucy stays on the land, enduring misfortune, or the so-called price that the white pay for what they have done to the colonized in post-colonial history. However, this paper focuses more on collecting popular views on the female image in Disgrace. Thereby appreciating the concerning documents and the original work, I can express my personal perceptions of female images in Disgrace. Furthermore, it is the comparison among different women#8217;s personal traits in Disgrace that distinguishes this paper from others, as it is possible to discover what they share and differ so as to identify the relationship between female images and the theme. Namely, chances are that we can trace to the social roots why women are doomed to destruction in the masculinity-centered society. More essentially, it is my concern that how they can get rid of the living plight. 2. Literature review 2.1Previous studies on the tragedy of Lucy#8217;s misfortune Doctor Liu rongrong (2011) noted that the plot that Lucy being raped implied a lot. The colonized have been oppressed so long by the white that hatred explodes, who lusts to exact revenge and overturn colonial power. Besides, Petrus#8217;s deeds expose that women are apt to fall victim in the male-centered and patriarchal society. Lucy turns to Petrus(an African man) for help in the wake of misfortune. But Petrus exploits this opportunity to maximize profit for himself which is exemplified by attacking Lucy and taking up her farm. It is a revelation of the colonized#8217;s vengeance that Lucy#8217;s misery caused by Perus. Lucy, a white girl, descends to an African man#8217;s mistress,susceptible to Perus without respect or economic independence. However Lucy is aware that women is bound to be oppressed in a male-centered society, Doctor Du haixia(2014) wrote that, Lucy#8217;s female identity becomes the scapegoat for colonialism. Even if Lucy, a white man, is born as the daughter of a university professor, who attend ballet lessons during formative years, she is disappointed at her female identity in that she is fully conscious of what women will confront at that time---inequality and oppression. Consequently, with the hope to enjoy equality, Lucy chooses to be a farmer in a South-African countryside, growing flowers and vegetables to make a living. However, it turns out that she becomes the scapegoat for colonialism. 2.2 Previous studies on the Melanie#8217;s tragedy According to Ge liquan and Wei yunan(2011), the white#8217;s dominance, it is manifested that, is diminishing because Melanie#8217;s tragedy ends up with Lurie#8217;s notoriety and disgrace. At the beginning, Lurie took advantage over Melanie in various aspects, such as race, status and age. Melanie is a student with dark complexion, a member of African disadvantaged group, who is inferior to Lurie, a 52-year-old white professor in the university. Lurie is man of ethnocentric arrogance when he associates with Melanie who can not master the fate. Nevertheless, Lurie loses social status , according the author, with the collapse of reputation, demonstrating the white#8217;s dominance is diminishing. Zhang, ningning(2009), contends that Melanie#8217;s tragedy is causes by the social context at that time. African women suffered from the racial discrimination and gender inequality. It can be derived from one of Lurie#8217;s words---She does not own herself. Beauty does not own itself. Later, Lurie entices Melanie with his power as an university regardless of her opposition. On this occasion, Melanie, as a attractive African student, is too weak to fight against Lurie. And too young, Melanie is not aware of how to deal with some one like Lurie. 3.Review The previous focuses more on the social causes of the female tragedy, such as racial discrimination, gender inequality. This paper will pay more attention to the personal traits that are responsible for the female tragedy in Disgrace. Works Cited Coetzee, J.M. Disgrace： Penguin Group, 2000. Graham, Valerie Lucy. Reading the unspeakable: Rape in J.M Coetzee#8217;s Disgrace. Journal of Southen African Studies, June 2003. Cornwell, Gareth. Realism, Rape and J.M Coetzee#8217;s Disgrace. Rhode University Critique, 2002. A ttrige, Derek. J.M Coetzee#8217;s and the Ethics of Reading. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004. Zhu, Liyuan. [朱立元], 当代西方文艺理论. 上海：华东师范出版社, 2005. Liu,rongrong. [刘蓉蓉], 从他者到自我, 从历史到未来. 《绥化学院学报》. 2002. Wei, yunan. [魏钰南], 后殖民理论视角下《耻》中强暴事件的意义,《北京大学学 报》2011,第12卷第2期. Coetzee, J.M.[库切],《耻》 张冲 郭整风译,译林出版社,2002. Du, haixia. [杜海霞],《后殖民语境下的白人女性身份的建构》, [博士,专家论坛], 2014,新乡医学院外国语语言学系. He, xirong. [何锡蓉], 女性伦理学的哲学意义,《社会科学》（人文社会科学版）. 2006,第11期. Gao, desheng. [高德胜],《女性主义伦理学视野下道德教育的性别和谐》 2006, Educational Research, 第322期. Huang,tingting.[黄婷婷], 库切作品《耻》：白人女子露茜形象的后殖民语境解读, 《湖南经济学院院报》, 2010 (7). He, weihua. [何卫华]. 《耻》:历史叙事中的时空冲突. 《外国文学研究》, 2009 (5). Wang, chenyu. [王成宇],语言、性与殖民心态的失落#8212;#8212;#8212;解读库切的《耻》,《华　 北水利水电学院学报》, 2009 (12) Zhang, ningning. [张宁宁], 人类的最终归宿#8212;#8212;从生态女性批评视角解读库切的 《耻》, 《辽宁师范大学外国语学院》, 2010(9). Outline I. Introduction 1.1Introduction to the author and his works 1.2Introduction to the relevant social background 1.3Literature review 1.4Research Purpose and Project II. Personal traits of female roles 2.1 Lucy#8217;s personal traits 2.2 Melanie#8217;s personal traits 2.3 Soraya#8217;s personal traits III. Make comparison among their personal traits 3.1 Similarities 3.2 Differences 3.3 Causes 3.4 Solutions IV. Conclusion

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1.Research Topic The research topic is to analyze the female tragedy from the perspective of personal traits to find out what kind of personality female roles share and differ in Disgrace[] so as to find the personality-reason for female tragedy. 2.Research Methods The research method is document research and inductive method. Prior to writing, I collect different but related information from the library in Nanjingtech University where we can make full use of all types of resources there. The next step is to read[] the gathered information on the condition that the original work has been appreciated fully. One point related to this step is that I take advantage of the Chines version of Disgrace because of time constraints. Then, attention should be paid to classifying information according to the content in this thesis. The following step is to continue to finish reading notes, and mark the important sentences in the book as the most important thing for this essay is to analyze female#8217;s roles personality, and make comparison. In this case, the general idea of the plot is inadequate.