摘 要

国家医药物资储备作为战略储备物资的一部分，先后经历了SARS疫情、HINI甲型流感等突发性公共卫生事件的考验。2019年末，我国武汉爆发COVID-19，逐渐蔓延至全国多个省市，30多个省市陆续进入战时状态并启动了重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应，医用物资消耗需求空前快速增长，一时间应急医用防护物资严重短缺成为一线医疗机构面临的主要问题，暴露出我国在突发疫情下医疗物资保障脱节及应急响应缓慢等问题。这些问题严重影响了应急响应的效率,阻碍了应急救援工作的顺利开展。

从这次抗击新冠疫情的应对来看，应急物资高效、透明、准确的配送是控制疫情蔓延核心关键。结合这次抗疫暴露出来问题，借鉴国内外先进的应急管理和经验，构建一个突发性公共卫生重大事件下医用物资应急物流快速响应的物流应急系统框架设计；并提出有效提升突发性公共卫生重大事件下医用物资应急物流响应效率的信息技术支持系统及其架构设计，包括规范性、技术手段、关键技术等方面，通过深入研究得以提升。积极利用专业化优势，在灾难发生时快速响应，确保灾情发生后应急指挥精确、有序、高效，降低灾害带来的损失,保障民众生命健康。

针对所发现的问题，提出了相应的优化方案。研究结果表明，积极利用专业化的优势，对应急管理过程进行系统化、科学化、规范化管理，可以使应急管理能力进行快速提升和优化，确保突发事件发生时，在最短时间迅速展开应急救援行动，实现作业流转快速、减少管控失误、缩小救援时间以及错配突出问题。确保信息传递准确流畅、全程可视可控、运输路线优化、缩短作业流程，加快应急物资流转，使整个应急响应过程安全可靠。本课题的研究对医疗应急物流的快速处置,无序现象及有效匹配等方面提供基础性支撑。

关键词:医疗物资储备、应急响应、规范性、支持系统、新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情；

Abstract

As a part of the strategic reserve materials, the national medical materials reserve has experienced the test of SARS epidemic, HINI A influenza and other sudden public health events. At the end of 2019, covid-19 broke out in Wuhan, which gradually spread to many provinces and cities across the country. More than 30 provinces and cities successively entered the wartime state and launched the first-class response to major public health emergencies. The demand for medical materials consumption increased rapidly and unprecedentedly. The serious shortage of emergency medical protective materials became the main problem faced by the first-line medical institutions, which exposed the medical treatment in China under the emergency situation Problems such as disconnection of medical material support and slow emergency response. These problems seriously affect the efficiency of emergency response and hinder the smooth development of emergency rescue work.

From the point of view of the response to the new crown epidemic, efficient, transparent and accurate distribution of emergency materials is the key to control the spread of the epidemic. Combined with the problems exposed in the anti epidemic campaign, and drawing on the advanced emergency management and experience at home and abroad, a framework design of the logistics emergency system for the rapid response of medical materials emergency logistics under the emergency public health events is constructed; and an information technology support system and its framework design are proposed to effectively improve the response efficiency of medical materials emergency logistics under the emergency public health events, Including standardization, technical means, key technologies and other aspects, which can be improved through in-depth research. It is of great significance to actively use the advantages of specialization to respond quickly in the event of a disaster, to ensure the accurate, orderly and efficient emergency command after the disaster, to reduce the losses caused by the disaster and to protect the life and health of the people.

In view of the problems found, the corresponding optimization scheme is proposed. The research results show that actively using the advantages of specialization to carry out scientific and standardized management of the emergency management process can rapidly improve and optimize the emergency management ability, ensure that when an emergency occurs, the emergency rescue operation can be carried out in the shortest time, and realize rapid work flow, reduce management and control errors, reduce rescue time and outstanding problems of mismatch. Ensure accurate and smooth information transmission, optimize transportation route, shorten operation process, speed up the flow of emergency materials, and make the whole emergency response process safe and reliable. The research of this topic has a very far-reaching significance for the rapid disposal of medical emergency logistics.

Key Words :Medical material reserve, emergency response, standardization and support system, novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic；

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章绪论 1

1.1研究背景、目的及意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1.1.2研究意义 2

1.2国内外医疗应急物流相关研究现状 2

1.2.1国内医用物资战略储备研究现状 2

1.2.2应急物流响应国内外研究现状 3

1.2.3研究评述 4

1.2.4新冠肺炎疫情下应对回顾 4

1.3研究内容、目标及技术方案 5

1.3.1 研究内容 5

1.3.2研究目标 6

1.3.3技术路线 6

1.4研究方法 7

第二章突发公共卫生事件的医用物质战略储备的体系构建规范 8

2.1医疗应急物流基础知识 8

2.1.1应急物流的定义 8

2.1.2应急物流系统的定义 8

2.1.3应急物流信息系统的定义 8

2.2我国医用物资战略储备现状 8

2.3我国医用物资战略储备的体系建设 9

2.3.1我国医用物资储备制度及相关规定 9

2.3.2我国医疗物资储备形式 11

2.3.3国家医药储备战略体系供应体制 13

2.3.4我国医疗物资储备类型 14

2.4中央医药储备历年来完成应急保障任务汇总 14

2.5我国医药物资储备资金应急保障支持情况 15

2.6我国医疗物资应急储备体系存在的问题 15

第三章突发公共卫生事件下医用物资应急物流响应的系统设计及工作规范 18

3.1应急物流的形成过程及类型 18

3.2突发公共卫生事件下应急物流的特征分析 19

3.2.1应急物流的特征分析 19

3.3应急物流系统的组成要素 20

3.3.1快速响应的应急物流系统特点及设计原则 20

3.3.2快速响应的应急物流系统框架结构 21

3.4应急物流工作规范事项 24

3.5我国医疗应急物流体系存在的问题 26

第四章提升医用物资应急物流响应效率的支持系统及架构设计 28

4.1构建快速响应的应急物流信息系统的必要性 28

4.2快速响应的应急物流信息系统的设计 29

4.2.1应急物流信息系统的构建原则 29

4.2.2应急物流信息系统的建立 30

4.3提高应急物流信息系统响应效率的技术应用 32

第五章总结与展望 34

5.1总结 34

5.2展望 34

致谢 36

参考文献 37

第一章 绪 论

1.1研究背景及意义

1.1.1研究背景

2019年末，COVID-19（世界卫生组织将新冠肺炎命名COVID-19）武汉市和湖北地区疫情肆虐，政府自从疫情爆发后将新冠肺炎纳入乙类传染病并且采取甲类措施实施严格管理，随后全国30多个省市陆续进入战时状态。在湖北省武汉市，由于短时间内急需大量医疗防护物资，武汉一线医护人员防护服、口罩等医用物资持续告急，多家医院由于防护物资缺乏相继发布接受捐赠公告。在医用物资最紧张的阶段，以2月6日数据为例——武汉市医用N95口罩当日需求11.9万个、缺口达到5.68万个；医用护目镜等当日需求是2.25万个、缺口达到1.92万个；医用防护服当日需求是5.99万件、缺口达到4.14万件^[1]。医用防护物资短缺的情况在全国其他省份同样成为医疗机构面临的一大难题，据统计，全国共计有160多家医院相继发布了接受捐赠公告，这次疫情暴露出我国应急医疗物资严重短缺，特别是医疗防护服和口罩等个人防护设备极度短缺，对防疫工作得的快速开展带来很大的影响。

近年来，在突发公共卫生事件的应急处置能力方面我国也有了很大提升，同时也密集出台应急医疗物资储备相关的法规，但应急医用物资储备计划并没有得到完全有效落实和实施，在种类、适用性、数量上也存在不足；其次这次疫情对突发公共卫生应急物流快速响应提出了很大的挑战，必须在短时间内对医用物资的供应进行紧急协调保障，加快应急机制的建立，从而达到快速提升应急效率的目的。