B2C电子商务仓库中商品储位优化研究毕业论文
2021-04-08 21:47:38
摘 要
目前,B2C 电子商务发展迅速,市场占有比例不断扩大。仓库作为电子商务企业的一个重要组成部分,仓库的运作效率与整个物流运作的效率密切相关,同时拣货工作又是仓库作业的一大重要组成部分。就目前中国物流行业的发展现状而言,大多数物流企业还未普及智能物流,仍然使用的是人工操作。合理的货位安排可以改善人工拣货效率,是优化仓库效率的一个较好方法。目前大多数仓库的货位安排比较随机,多数时候拣货人员需要遍历仓库中的大部分货物才能完成拣货,导致了人工拣货的低效率,意味着仓库的拣货工作需要很多的劳动力,耗费较长的时间。
针对以上问题,本文提出了相应的库位优化模型。首先根据订单中各个品项的相关性,将相关性高的品项划分到一组;其次根据每组品项的出库总频率分配不同的库区,将平均订货率较高的品项安排在距离出库处较近的库区;再在各个库区中利用整数规划模型根据商品的出货频率来细分商品货位;最后与随机货位的拣选总路程相比较,并进行实例验算,验证了模型的有效性。
结论证明,根据仓库的订单分析所得到的货物相关性,并按相关性进行货位安排的模型能够有效地减少货物的拣货路程,从而提高拣货效率。
关键词:电子商务;拣货;货位安排;关联规则
ABSTRACT
At present, B2C e-commerce is developing rapidly and the market share is expanding. As an important part of e-commerce enterprises, warehouse operation efficiency is closely related to the efficiency of the entire logistics operation, and picking work is an important part of warehouse operations. As far as the current development status of China's logistics industry is concerned, most logistics companies have not yet popularized intelligent logistics, and still use manual operations. Reasonable cargo arrangement can improve the efficiency of manual picking and is a better way to optimize warehouse efficiency. Reasonable cargo arrangement can improve the picking efficiency of the warehouse.
At present, the arrangement of most warehouses is quite confusing. The picking personnel need to traverse most of the goods in the warehouse to complete the picking, which leads to the inefficiency of manual picking, which means that the picking work of the warehouse requires a lot of labor, and the cost is relatively high. Long time.
In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a corresponding location optimization model. First, according to the relevance of each item in the order, the items with high relevance are divided into one group; secondly, according to the total frequency of each item, different items are allocated, and the items with higher average order rate are arranged at the distance. The library area is closer to the warehouse; in addition, the integer programming model is used to subdivide the goods space according to the shipping frequency of the goods in each library area, and the optimal shortest picking distance is obtained; finally, the picking of the random goods Comparing the total distances, the examples are brought into the model to verify the validity of the model.
The conclusion proves that the model of the goods obtained according to the order analysis of the warehouse and the model of the position arrangement according to the correlation can effectively reduce the picking distance of the goods, thereby improving the picking efficiency.
Key words: E-commerce; picking; location arrangement; association rules
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.2 研究意义 1
1.2 国内外文献综述 2
1.2.1货位分配策略 2
1.2.2关联规则研究 2
1.2.3小结 3
1.3 研究内容及研究方法 3
1.3.1研究内容 3
1.3.2 研究方法 4
1.3.3 技术路线 5
第2章 B2C电子商务仓库货位分配影响因素 6
2.1 拣货方式 6
2.2 品类相关性 6
2.3 商品的出货频率 7
第3章 货位分配模型的建立 8
3.1 基于Apriori关联规则挖掘品类相关性 8
3.2 货位分配模型 9
第4章 实例分析 12
4.1 实例公司背景及仓库现状 12
4.2 数据处理及分析 12
4.3 库区划分 15
4.4 库区内商品货位分配 16
4.5 货位优化结果验证 22
第5章 总结 25
参考文献 26
附 录 29
附录A: R语言运行程序 29
附录B: Lingo 编程 29
致 谢 31
第1章 绪论
- 研究背景及意义
1.1.1 研究背景
近几年,不论从规模上来讲还是从数量上来讲,电子商务都呈现出发展的高速增长趋势。中国的电子商务起步较晚,但由于巨大的消费数量和中国互联网的发展,中国的电子商务产业呈现爆炸式增长。物流是电子商务发展的重要组成部分,是实现电子商务的保障和必要途径。当今,随着电子商务的蓬勃发展,对物流提出了新的要求;提高物流运作效率是重要要求之一。
在传统的销售业中,主要以实体店为主,顾客到店中自主选购商品。这时候的仓库主要是起到一个补货的作用,所以仓库大多都是同种大批量出货,货位的分配仅根据商品出库频率来分配就足以。而随着B2C电子商务的不断发展,仓库就像一个超市,小批量多频次出货,拣选工作持续不断地进行着;拣选过程会耗费较多的时间,仓库的一些弊端就不断浮现出来,比如:商品出库过慢,无法满足顾客的需求而导致客源的流失,造成经济损失。因此,对于这种接收多订单小批量的B2C电子商务仓库来说,拣货的效率对于整个仓库运作的效率而言是至关重要的。